For use in estimating

TABLE 5-16 Atomic Diffusion Volumes for Use in Estimating Oab by the Method of Fuller/ Schettler/ and Giddings... 

MERL s interest in employing these tests has included (1) the quantifying of D to enable certain predictions to be made (see Section 23.4.6), (2) testing at high temperature and pressures to simulate service realism (see Section 23.5.1.3), and (3) to provide data for use in estimating permeation rates while not needing to conduct actual permeation tests (see Section 23.4.4.3). 

If the amount of fluid within a fully saturated permeable medium is known as a function of position, the spatially resolved porosity distribution can be determined. If the medium is saturated with two fluids, and the signal from one can be distinguished, the fluid saturation can be determined. In this section, we will develop a method to determine the amount of a single observed fluid using MRI, and demonstrate the determination of porosity. In Section 4.1.4.3, we will demonstrate the determination of saturation distributions for use in estimating multiphase flow functions. 

Suggested techniques for use in estimating the split-fraction coefficients for some of the more common unit operations are given below. 

The cost of materials and labour has been subject to inflation since Elizabethan times. All cost-estimating methods use historical data, and are themselves forecasts of future costs. Some method has to be used to update old cost data for use in estimating at the design stage, and to forecast the future construction cost of the plant. 

Risk Assessment. The Chinery-Gleason model has the greatest potential for use in estimating exposures to chloroform in a household environment as well as for occupational exposures that result from dermal exposure. 

Waliser, D. E., N. E. Graham, and C. J. Gautier, Comparison of the Highly Reflective Cloud and Outgoing Longwave Radiation Datasets for Use in Estimating Tropical Deep Convection, J. Clim., 6, 331-353 (1993). 

A comprehensive programme of work for the surveillance of the food supply has been established for a long time in the United Kingdom to ensure that contamination of the food supply by inorganic contaminants is kept to a minimum.1 The surveys under this programme have provided a considerable amount of data that are of value for use in estimating the dietary exposure to the various contaminants. 

FIGURE 33 Practical heat transfer coefficients for use in estimating with helical coils and vertical tubes. 

Default values have been published for use in estimating exposures — for example, from food and water consumption in adults and children, soil ingestion in children, and respiration rates in children and adults (USEPA, 1990). The Child-Specific Exposure Factors Handbook summarizes data on human behaviour and characteristics that affect children s exposure to environmental agents and recommends values to use for these factors (USEPA, 2002a). 

Scott PK, Finley BL, Sung H-M, et al. 1997b. Identification of an accurate soil suspension/dispersion modeling method for use in estimating health-based soil cleanup levels of hexavalent chromium in chromite ore processing residues. J Air Waste Manage Assoc 47 753-765. 

In addition to the traditional peer review process that precedes publication in most scientific journals, the studies considered by ATSDR for use in estimating a chronic oral MRL for methylmercury underwent two stringent reviews by recognized experts in the environmental health field. 

It is not advised to try to obtain the water activities shown by adding these small amounts of water to dry water-immiscible solvents. The values are given purely for use in estimating water quantities present or required. Apart from usual errors, small water droplets can take a very long time to dissolve in such solvents. Attempting such a method with solvents like toluene or hexane is particularly disastrous. 

In Equation 9.40, the only operating variable is Fr, which is the ratio of the hydrostatic to kinetic head. According to this equation, the induction rate is solely decided by this ratio (Fr ) that is independent of the liquid-phase density. Continuing with this expression for f/, Zundelevich introduced the impeller performance parameter in terms of the pumping capacity (=K D ) and power input through the impeller (P=Nj,p N rP). The dispersion density, p, for use in estimation of power input was... 

After holding a dust-covered surface in an atmosphere saturated with carbon tetrachloride vapor for 24 h, 95% of all particles in the 100-120-/xm size range are retained when a detaching force of 1.53 dyn is applied. The capillary forces calculated from Eqs. (IV.38) and (IV.39) when carbon tetrachloride vapor condenses in the contact zone are equal to 1.81 dyn. Apparently, thin layers of nonpolar liquids do not have any disjoining effect. Hence, we do not observe any reduction of the adhesive force due to the action of the liquid interlayer in the contact zone. This confirms the vahdity of Eq. (IV.46) for use in estimating the disjoining effect. 

Unfortunately, the geoteehnical community tends to rely on a number of old empirieal eorrelations that were derived from a small and early data set that are not at all applieable to the situations for whieh they are now applied. Case in point A rather reeent textbook (circa 2008) indicates the following two correlations (cited back-to-back) for use in estimating the undrained shear strength of soft normally-consolidated clays ... 

ASTM G 101, Guide for Estimating the Atmospheric Corrosion Resistance of Low-Alloy Steels, presents two methods for use in estimating the performance of weathering steels in the atmosphere. The first method utilizes linear extrapolation of logarithmic plots of short-term atmospheric corrosion data to predict long-term performance. Examples of such predictions, taken from ASTM G 101, for ASTM A 242 and ASTM A 588 steels in industrial environments, ate shown in Fig. 1. 

We discuss here a recent approach taken to the problem of calculating the shieldings in liquid water. Not only is the number of water molecules that must be included to mimic the bulk liquid a problem, but the dynamic nature of the structure of liquids presents another challenge. In the case of proteins just discussed, reasonable static bulk protein structures can be used to derive the structures of fragments for use in estimating chemical shieldings. Liquids, how-... 

Because of its importance, the deposition velocity has been the subject of innumerable experimental investigations, some of which have had a theoretical component. Rather than attempt to summarize all of these, the present communication is intended to provide a guide to the designer. In addition to presenting correlations for use in estimating the deposition velocity, the limitations of these correlations are described so that experimental tests may be considered for particular slurries. 

From a theoretical perspective, our understanding of the flow field above this aquatic surface tracks that presented above for the atmospheric boundary layer. For the neutral-stability class of turbulent flows the logarithmic velocity profile, the constant flux layer assumption and so on, apply as well. Although Equation 2.21 is valid for use in estimating Cf less measurement on yo, the bottom roughness parameters are available in aquatic environments for producing summary results as shown in Table 2.1. In the absence of these site-specific y values, an alternative approach is used to estimate Cf for hydraulic flows it is presented next. 

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