Child-Specific Exposure Factors Handbook

The US-EPA Child Specific Exposure Factors Handbook (US-EPA 2006), first published in 2002, consolidates all children s exposure factors data into one document. The document provides a summary of the available and up-to-date statistical data on various factors assessing children s exposures. These factors include drinking water consumption soil ingestion inhalation rates dermal factors including skin area and soil adherence factors consumption of fruits, vegetables, fish, meats, dairy products, homegrown foods, and breast milk activity patterns body weight consumer products and life expectancy. 

US-EPA. 2006. Child Specific Exposure Factors Handbook 2006 (External Review Draft). Washington, DC National Center for Environmental Assessment. Office of Research and Development. Presently undergoing update (In press), http //cfpub.epa.gov/ncea/cfm/recordisplay.cfm7deid = 56747 US-EPA. 2007a. EPA/OPPT Exposure Assessment Tools and Models website, http //www.epa. gov/opptintr/ exposure /pub s/opptexpo. htm... 

Default values have been published for use in estimating exposures — for example, from food and water consumption in adults and children, soil ingestion in children, and respiration rates in children and adults (USEPA, 1990). The Child-Specific Exposure Factors Handbook summarizes data on human behaviour and characteristics that affect children s exposure to environmental agents and recommends values to use for these factors (USEPA, 2002a). 

USEPA (2002a) Child-specific exposure factors handbook (interim report). Washington, DC, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Center for Environmental Assessment (EPA-600-P-00-002B). 

Child-Specific Exposure Factors Handbook (USEPA 2008a)... 

EPA (2008b). Child-Specific Exposure Factors Handbook, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. Accessed at http //oaspub.epa.gov/eims/eimscomm.getfile p download id=48473 8. 

Various primary sources for estimating the exposure parameters associated with daily intake quantities of (lead-containing) media were used and are noted. A child exposure-specific source of parameter selection for media of interest was the U.S. EPA Child-Specific Exposure Factors Handbook (2008). 

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2008. Child-Specific Exposure Factors Handbook. Report No. EPA/600/R-06A196F. National Center for Enviromnental Assessment, Washington, DC. 

Guidelines for exposure assessment (USEPA, 1992a OECD, 1999 IPCS, 2000) and a handbook of child-specific exposure factors (USEPA, 2002a) have been published. Both list a number of references that are applicable to the quantitative estimate of exposure. Generally, the methods used for the quantitative estimate of exposure are not different for children and adults. The magnitude of exposure is a product of the exposure concentration as a function of... 

Environmental Assessment (NCEA) within the EPA s Office of Research and Development (ORD), this document supplements the 1997 Exposure Factors Handbook with child-specific data on exposure activities and other parameters for assessing exposure to contaminants in the environment. 

---