Foliage

J. L. Keays and G. M. Barton, Recent Advances in Foliage Utilicyation Information, Report VP-X-137, Western Eorest Products Laboratory, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, 1975. 

Phenazine-l-carboxamide (137) is known as oxychlororaphine and has been isolated from cultures of Pseudomonas chlororaphisit has some limited inhibitory properties, but the inhibitory action of phenazines is generally disappointing. Some phenazine derivatives have insecticidal properties thus, phenazine itself has been found to be toxic to the clothes moth, the Hawaiian beet webworm, the rice weevil and larva of the codling moth, but under trial conditions its toxicity to plant material, as evidenced by severe burning of foliage, was found to be too high to make it of practical value. 

Chemical Designations - Synonyms Dormant oil Foliage oil Kerosene, heavy Plant spray oil Chemical Formula Not applicable. 

Note One Tg (teragram) is equivalent to 1 million metric tons. Continental biogenic sources includes animal, microbial, and foliage emissions SOURCE Finlcryson-Pitts Pitts (2000)... 

Gressel and Holm 56) attributed delayed germination of tomato seed and inhibited elongation of the seedling to unidentified ninhydrin-positive compounds present in the seed and foliage of Abutilon theophrasti. 

Inhibition of tomato and barley plants growing in soils infested with Centaurea repens (knapweed) was reported by Fletcher and Renney (38). A toxic component was isolated in highest concentration from the foliage of knapweed. The inhibitor was considered to be an indole alkaloid or auxin precursor because of its ultraviolet absorption spectrum and the positive reactions obtained with Salkowski and Ehrlich reagents. The presence of the inhibitor was considered to explain partially the rapid establishment of Centaura spp. in almost pure stands. 

Ailanthus altissima (tree of heaven) grows in pure stands, hence, secretion of a toxic principle is implied. Mergen (98) prepared aqueous extracts of the foliage and found growth inhibition produced in 45 of 46 species of test plants. 

Altered photosynthesis Altered cell metabolism Damage to foliage cuticles Damage to epicuticular waxes Many foliage effects Altered reproductive patterns Poorly investigated... 

Although seen only occasional during the first half of this century, winter injury of first-year red spruce needles has become an annual event in the coniferous montane forest area, resulting in the formation of red-brown first year needles that subsequently desiccate and are shed 20, 21). The loss of foliage reduces photosynthesis and the obligatory accumulation of carbohydrate in the twigs and root systems. There is some evidence that this phenomenon involves both natural and anthropogenic causal factors. 

In making the reasonable assumption that browser diets should have remained consistent through time, it was also assumed that C7 C ratios of their C3 foliage diets would not have changed. This is not the case environmental parameters such as aridity, osmotic stress, temperature, pCOi and irra-diance have predictable effects on ratios of C3 plants (summarized in... 

Mice that were exposed dermally to residues of methyl parathion in emulsifiable concentrate on foliage, and were muzzled to prevent oral intake, developed inhibition of plasma cholinesterase and erythrocyte cholinesterase after two 10-hour exposures (Skinner and Kilgore 1982b). For the organophosphate pesticides tested in this study, cholinergic signs generally were seen in mice with cholinesterase inhibition >50% results for this end point were not broken down by pesticide. 

Smith S, Willis GH, McDowell EE, et al. 1987. Dissipation of methyl parathion and ethyl parathion from cotton foliage as affected by formulation. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 39 280-285. 

Willis GH, McDowell LL. 1987. Pesticide persistence on foliage. Rev Environ Contam Toxicol 100 23-73. 

Foliage of Douglas fir had only trace amounts of (+)-camphene in trees from the coast but major concentrations in trees from the other three sites, hi contrast, ter-pene mixtures from lodgepole pine leaf and bole tissues had nearly the same levels of the major compound, (-)-P-phellandrene, and minor components regardless of origin. Patterns of variation in the other species were less extreme. 

YEAGER c p, SILVER s 0, DIERENFELD E s (1997) Mineral and phytochemical influences on foliage selection by the proboscis monkey (Nasalis larvatus). Am J Primatol. 41 117-28. 

Swiss chard, also known as foliage beet, silver beet, or perpetual beet, is mostly known as a green-white vegetable the colored cultivars are less widespread. 

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