Foams, styles

FoamingNgents Propellants. These ingredients are necessary in a styling mousse, the French word for foam. Styling mousses were introduced in Europe in the eady 1980s and in the United States in 1983, and they are extremely popular. 

This forecast assumes that the furniture segment is fully penetrated by flexible urethane foam. Style changes may impact cushion dimensions somewhat, but are considered an insignificant factor in the forecast. Flammability issues remain unsettled however, this forecast assumes technology development will continue to keep urethane foam in the forefront as the best choice for cushioning applications. 

In this case the designer has freedom of choice of both form and dimension as well as in the selection of the materials. Given this freedom, it would be desirable to examine several of the alternatives to see which would provide the best seating at the lowest cost. Obviously, there is no point in doing all of the possibilities so a selection should be made on the basis of anticipated use as well as style requirements. Three types will be analyzed. They are the single curve sheet cantilever mounted from the back, the molded pan supported on four legs, and the structural foam molding which is front supported. 

The room was large enough to accommodate two Hollywood-style beds and two TV-style hassocks. Padded panels lined all the walls and the door, and a one-inch layer of foam mbber covered the floor. Volunteers spent the night before the test in the padded room, completing baseline tests and physiological... 

Polyurethane foams can be made into several distinct styles ... 

Flexible Flexible polyurethanes find many domestic applications such as mattresses, cushions, and carpet padding. This style of foam is normally bulk-processed and needs a large area for the finished product because of its very low density. 

Integral skinned These integral skin urethanes are designed to have an outer layer that is not foamed, with a foamed inner section. This provides a firm feel without the dirt trapping of the cut cells. Typical examples of this style are steering wheels and motor car fascias. 

Mousses are designed for hair styling and setting hair in position. Commonly, formulations are based on cationic conditioning polymers with quaternary ammonium salts, alcohols, perfumes, colorants, water, and preservatives. They may be in propellant, foam, or jelly form for direct application to hair after shampoo or cutting, see also Fibrous Protein Formulation Chemistry Proteins. 

The observation that trickle-down fragrances often convey a sense of luxury and style points to an aspect of perfumes that is of key importance in the perfuming of functional products The scent of a product connotes specific product qualities to the user. This is obvious when a lemon perfume is used in a dishwashing detergent advertised as containing lemon juice or in a sanitary cleaner based on citric acid, or when a herbaceous perfume is used in a herbal bath foam. But it also occurs in most if not all other uses of fragrance where the message is less specific. 

While flavor defects are the most likely result of lipolysis in dairy products, several other practical problems may arise from an elevated level of FFAs. The most common of these is lack of foaming of pasteurised milk for cappuccino-style coffee (IDF, 1987). Reduced efficiency of skimming of raw milk and reduced churning efficiency in cream may be associated with lipolysis, especially where excessive agitation or pumping causes damage to the milk fat globule membrane. 

Shallenberg, D. Low pressure structural foam molding carry the load with style. Presented at Society of Manufacturing Engineers Annual Meeting, 1999 Vol. CM99-193, 1-13. 

A special group of PU foams is structural foams that are made directly in their molds as either flexible or rigid foams.Structural foams are PU moldings that have a porous core and a nonporous outer layer of the same material and have been made in a single pass. These sandwich-style panels are used in construction applications. ... 

Latin American Markets. Flexible polyurethane foam for premium as well as inexpensive mattresses has been the major growth market in most Latin American countries, and often represented 50% of the flexible demand. Growth prospects to 1990 are good as consumers upgrade some of their previous purchases, and increased market penetration is realized in some countries (e.g. Mexico) that have considerable potential. Furniture demand for flexible polyurethane foam is relatively modest compared to bedding end uses. Styling trends and the proliferation of small furniture producers have not opted for flexible urethane foam cushioning. Upholstered furniture demand will continue to be constrained by low consumer income, as well as small artisan production facilities. 

Figure 33-2 shows a needle type sparger for slurries, soils, solid, foaming liquid samples, and viscous samples. This style comes in either 5 or 25 mL sizes. The sample is added to the tube, and a needle is inserted to the bottom of the sample to introduce the gas. The bulge near the top is to reduce any foaming. 

Silicone products have many commercial roles. At one end of the market, they are crucial ingredients in personal care products silicones are the components of shampoos and conditioners that improve the softness and silkiness of hair, and are also used in shaving foams, toothpastes, anti-perspirants, cosmetics, hair-styling gels and bath oils. At the other end of the spectrum, silicones find very dilferent applications in silicone greases, sealants, varnishes. 

Surfactants and oils are also present in most mousse formulations. Surfactants function to lower the surface tension to help spread the polymer film over the hair surface and to support the foam character of the product. Mousses are added to wet hair. They are combed through without rinsing, to distribute the product through the hair. The hair is then styled and dried. Mousses can improve wet hair manageability by lowering combing forces. They also enhance body and style retention. 

In the absence of foaming, we can produce a material hard enough for roller blade wheels or soft and pliable enough to mimic leather. In fact, at the New York World s Fair of 1964, DuPont proudly introduced shoes made of Corfam, a polyurethane-based synthetic leather. The shoes were durable and waterproof, and they could be cleaned with a moist cloth. Best of all, Corfam was porous, so the shoes breathed like leather. Within a year, seventy-five million pairs of Corfam shoes had been sold, and the leather industry stopped breathing. But the Corfam fad didn t last. Despite the material s porosity, many complained of hot, sweaty feet, and furthermore, women didn t like the idea of shoes that lasted forever — they wanted new styles every year. So, Corfam became DuPont s Edsel. 

Ventilation of helmets has become a selling point. Helmets are advertised on the number or size of the ventilation openings. Such openings mean that the foam density must be increased, to increase the compressive yield stress of the remaining material. Aerodynamics has been applied to increase the air flow through such ventilation holes. However, given the lack of research on heat transfer from the head, the benefit of some of the styling features has not been established... 

---