Fluoride tributyltin oxide

Tri-n-butyltin fluoride. See Tributyltin fluoride Tributyltin oxide... 

Marine antifouling paints containing tributyltin oxide or tributyltin fluoride are widely used all over the world29. However, tributyltin from marine antifouling paints has been shown to have a major impact on the oyster industry in Australia and in France. Concern for these effects has now led to the banning in many countries of the use of tributyltin-based antifouling paints on pleasure boats35. 

Alkynylsilanes will react with bis(tributyltin) oxide in the presence of fluoride ion as catalyst to give the stannylalkynes in excellent yield and hexamethyldisiloxane, which can be removed under reduced pressure (Equation (82)).68 244... 

Allylsilanes in the presence of fluoride ion can be used in place of the Grignard reagents, the reaction of allyltrimethylsilane and bis(tributyltin) oxide giving allyltributyltin in 96% yield.68... 

There is a listing of dermal LDso values in animals for a number of organotin compounds (Smith 1978). A dermal LDso in rabbits was reported to be 11,700 mg/kg bis(tributyltin)oxide (Elsea and Paynter 1958). For rats, an LDso of 605 mg/kg is given (Smith 1978). Despite variations in values for other compounds such as benzoates, naphthenates, and fluorides, the acute dermal toxicity of organotin compounds is generally less than by the oral route. The LDso values for representative species in the acute- and intermediate-duration category are recorded in Table 2-4. Doses are expressed as mg/kg/day compound rather than as doses of tin. 

Animal studies tend to confirm the dermal/ocular effects reported for humans. Bis(tributyltin)oxide is a severe irritant to the skin and an extreme eye irritant in rabbits (Sheldon 1975). By contrast, tributyltin fluoride and triphenyltin fluoride produced only minimal skin irritation but were also extreme eye irritants (Sheldon 1975). Other acute studies have likewise demonstrated the skin irritating potential of bis(tributyltin)oxide and triphenyltin acetate in rats (Klimmer 1969 Pelikan and Cerny 1968). 

Trimethyl(trifluoromethyl)silane can be converted into tributyl(trifluoromethyl)tin (40) in quantitative yield by treatment with bis(tributyltin) oxide in tetrahydrofuran under fluoride ion initiation. Tributyl(trifluoromethyl)tin readily trifluoromethylates disilyl sulfides at room temperature giving the corresponding trifluoromethylated di- and trialkylsilancs 41 in high yields. This method provides a new approach for the preparation of silicon-based trifluoro-methylating reagents via transtrifluoromethylation of compounds containing Si — S bonds. 

Alkynylsilanes will react with tributyltin oxide in an analogous fashion if tetrabutyl-ammonium fluoride is used as a catalyst.96 The hexamethyldisiloxane which is formed can readily be removed under reduced pressure, and yields are excellent (equation 8-50). 

Alkyl iodides or benzyl bromides, RX, will react with tributyltin oxide in the presence of a source of fluoride ion to give the corresponding ether, R20, in excellent yield, the distannoxane acting as a transfer agent for O2- the reactivity increases in the sequence CsF < CsF.18-crown-6 < Bu4N+ F. 35... 

TRIBUTYLTIN BENZOATE, TRIBUTYLTIN CHLORIDE. TRIBUTYLTIN FLUORIDE. TRIBUTYLTIN LINOLEATE. TRIBUTYLTIN METHACRYLATE. TRIBUTYLTIN NAPHTENATE, TRIBUTYLTIN OXIDE TRIBUTYLTIN NAPHTENATE (4342 36-3)... 

Triorganotins, such as bis(tributyltin) oxide (TBTO) or tributyltin fluoride (TBTF) are important constituents of antifouling paints which, when applied directly to the metal of a ship s bottom or added to paints, prevent fouling build-up. As the organotin leaches directly from paints into water, high contamination of both harbor and coastal areas has resulted where large numbers of pleasure and commercial boats... 

KEX. See Potassium ethyl xanthate Keycide X-10. See Tributyltin oxide Keystone 1104. See Polyaluminum chloride Keystone 1138. See Aluminum chlorohydrate K-FluldK5 K-Fluld K6 K-FluidK7 K-Fluld K8 K-Fluld K9. See Perfluoropolyether KF Polymer C-100a, KF Polymer 0-150(7, KF Polymer 7-85(7, KF Polymer T-850CF KF Polymer T-1000, KF Polymer T-1KX7, KF Polymer T-1200 KF Polymer 7-130(7, KF Polymer 7-1500 KF Polymer 7-200(7, KF Polymer U-1000 KF Polymer W-100(7, KF Polymer W-1400HD. See Polyvinylidene fluoride resin... 

TBTA. See Tributyltin acetate TBTF. See Tributyltin fluoride TBTO. See Tributyltin oxide TBUP. See Tributyl phosphine 6TB24X. See 6-t-Butyl-2,4-xylenol p-TBX. See Tetrabromo-p-xylene TBZ. See Thiabendazole TCA. See Trichloroacetic acid 1,2,3-TCB. See 1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene 1,2,4,5-TCB. See 1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene TCBO. See Trichlorobutylene oxide TCC TCC. See 3,4,4 -Trichlorocarbanilide TCCA. See Trichloroisocyanuric acid TCD Ketone A. See Tricycio [5.2.1.0 ] decane-8-one... 

Cetalkonium chloride Hydrargaphen Methylenebis (thiocyanate) o-Phenylphenol Sodium pentachlorophenate Sodium o-phenylphenate biocide, marine antifouling paints Copper oleate (ic) Copper oxide (ous) Tributyltin acetate biocide, marine lubricants Hexahydro-1,3,5-triethyl-s-triazine biocide, marine paints Tributyltin fluoride biocide, marine/antifouling paints Tributyltin oxide biocide, medical Succinaldehyde biocide, metalworking fluids... 

Sodium fluoride Sodium pentachlorophenate Sodium silicofluoride 2,4,6-Tribromophenol Tributyltin oxide... 

These results show that the tributyltin and triphenyltin derivatives of sucrose are at least equal in biological activity to the commercially used tributyltin oxide and fluoride and are superior with regard to algicidal and fungicidal properties (9, 10). This is even more remarkable when we compare the tin contents, see Table VII. Except in the case of molluscicidal activity the tricyclohexyltin compounds are less effective and, in most tests, the less accessible compound with the sucrose residue in the R groups is inferior. Tests on the orgeinolead compotands so far have been confined to molluscicidal activity. 

Triadimefon (1-(4-chlorophenoxy)-3,3-dimethyl-1 - 1H-1,2,4-tri-azol-1-yl)-2-butanone) - 237 Tributyltin benzoate - 77 Tributyltin fluoride -151,154 Tributyltin oxide -152 Tributyltin salicylate - 81,88 N-Trichloromethylthio-4-cyclohex-ene-1,2-dicarboximide - 269 N-(Trichloromethylthio)phthal-imide - 243... 

Of the large volume of tin compounds reported in the Hterature, possibly only ca 100 are commercially important. The most commercially significant inorganic compounds include stannic chloride, stannic oxide, potassium staimate, sodium staimate, staimous chloride, stannous fluoride, stannous fluoroborate, stannous oxide, stannous pyrophosphate, stannous sulfate, stannous 2-ethyUiexanoate, and stannous oxalate. Also important are organotins of the dimethyl tin, dibutyltin, tributyltin, dioctyltin, triphenyl tin, and tricyclohexyltin families. 

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