Bioaccumulation tributyltin oxide

Ward, G.S., G.C. Cramm, P.R. Parrish, H. Trachman, and A. Slesinger. 1981. Bioaccumulation and chronic toxicity of bis(tributyltin)oxide (TBTO) tests with a salt water fish. Pages 183-200 in D.R. Branson and K.L. Dickson (eds.). Aquatic Toxicology and Hazard Assessment fourth conference. ASTM Spec. Tech. Publ. 737, American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, PA. 

The main compounds used worldwide to control fouling are organotins as tributyltin oxide (TBTO see Figure 12.1a). They are effective at preventing fouling, but they cause widespread environmental problems due to their persistence in the environment and their toxic effects such as acute toxicity, bioaccumulation, decreased reproductive viability, and increased shell thickness in shellfish. 

Tributyltin oxide H Endocrine disrupter Aquatic H Bioaccumulation H M H H... 

Uses Biocide antifouling agent in marine paints Features Controls bacterial slime, algae, barnacles, tubeworms, hydroids, bryozoa, tunicates, and diatoms replaces organotin antifoulants, such as tributyltin oxide which bioaccumulate and are toxic to shellfish... 

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