Tributyltin methacrylate

Compositionally uniform copolymers of tributyltin methacrylate (TBTM) and methyl methacrylate (MMA) are produced in a free running batch process by virtue of the monomer reactivity ratios for this combination of monomers (r (TBTM) = 0.96, r (MMA) = 1.0 at 80°C). Compositional ly homogeneous terpolymers were synthesised by keeping constant the instantaneous ratio of the three monomers in the reactor through the addition of the more reactive monomer (or monomers) at an appropriate rate. This procedure has been used by Guyot et al 6 in the preparation of butadiene-acrylonitrile emulsion copolymers and by Johnson et al (7) in the solution copolymerisation of styrene with methyl acrylate. 

Glass transition data for copolymers and terpolymers of controlled and uncontrolled composition are shown in Figures 6 and 7. The Tg s calculated using the equations 7 and 8 of Fox (12) and Woods (13) have been used with the following hompolymer Tg s methyl methacrylate, 108°C tributyltin methacrylate, 0°C 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, -50"C (14-16) are also shown. 

Monomers like iron (III) methacrylate [CH2=C(CH3)-COO] 3Fe and tributyltin methacrylate have been synthesized [3]. They undergo free radical polymeriz-ation/copolymerization with other acrylates such as cyclohexyl, 2-ethoxyethyl, 2-hydroxyethyl and 2-hydroxypropyl. Synthesis of a metailo-macrocyclic acrylic monomer is illustrated by the reaction between a metallophthalocyanine tetracarbonyl chloride (1) and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (2-HEMA) [4]... 

Other trialkyltin-containing monomers such as 3-tributyltinstyrene (84), tributyltin methacrylate (85) and 4-[bis(trimethylstannyl)methyl]styrene (86) were also reported to homo- and copolymerise with styrene under radical conditions175-177. In addition, 3-tributyltinstyrene (84) was copolymerised under radical conditions with ethyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, vinyl acetate and acrylonitrile175. A functional methacrylate-based polymer was prepared by the copolymerization of the triorganotin methacrylate monomer 87 with styrene and divinylbenzene178,179. 

SYNS TRIBUTYL(METHACRYLOYLOXY)STANNANE TRIBUTYL((2-METHYL-l-OXO-2-PROPENYL)OXY)-STANNANE TRIBUTYLSTANNYL METHACRYLATE TRIBUTYLTIN METHACRYLATE... 

TABLE 1. IMPREGNATION OF SOUTHERN YELLOW PINE WOOD WITH TRIBUTYLTIN METHACRYLATE-GLYCIDYL METHACRYLATE MONOMERS AND SITU" COPOLYMERIZATION OF THE SAME... 

TRIBUTYLTIN BENZOATE, TRIBUTYLTIN CHLORIDE. TRIBUTYLTIN FLUORIDE. TRIBUTYLTIN LINOLEATE. TRIBUTYLTIN METHACRYLATE. TRIBUTYLTIN NAPHTENATE, TRIBUTYLTIN OXIDE TRIBUTYLTIN NAPHTENATE (4342 36-3)... 

A. Decks, D. Hudson, D. James, B. W. Sparrow Tributyltin Methacrylate Copolymers in Antifouling Paints, 2nd International Congress of Marine Corrosion and Fouling, Athens 1968. 

A new organotin monomer tributyltin -chloroacrylate (TCA) was synthesized in our laboratory. Detailed studies on homopolymerization and copolymerization were undertaken. Copolymerization was carried out with styrene (ST), methyl methacrylate (MMA) and acrylonitrile (AN). Both homopolymer and copolymers were characterized by IR, IF and C-13 NMR and tin analysis. Reactivity ratios were determined using Kelen-Tudos method. Reactivity ratios were r =0.500 and r = 0.170 for TCA-ST, r = 1.089 and r = 0.261 for TCA-MMA and r =1.880 and r = 0.243 for TCA-AN respectively. Micro-structures of homopolymer and copolymers were studied using C-13 NMR spectroscopy. Data obtained were compared with those of tributyltin methacrylate (TBTMA) and its corresponding copolymers. The results indicate that TCA is more reactive than TBTMA. 

Tributyltin methacrylate was synthesized according to the method described by Montermoso et al (10). Crude monomer obtained was purified by recrystallization from hexane at low temperature (M.P.14 C). 

FIG. 2.100 MHz SPECTRUM OF (-—) TRIBUTYLTIN METHACRYLATE IN CDCI3 AND (--------) TRIBUTYLTIN oc-CHLOROACRYLATE IN CDCI3... 

Table 3. Sequence Assignment for Poly(Tributyltin Methacrylate)...

SEC coupled with an in-line graphite furnace atomic absorption detector was applied for characterization of organometallic copolymers of MMA and tributyltin methacrylate [61]. A third component in substantial amounts present in a typical organotin polymer formation was adsorbed on PS gel columns with THF as the mobile phase, and quantitatively desorbed when acetic acid was introduced into the mobile phase. The adsorbed... 

The view that decreases with radical size has received further support. It has been shown that the effect can lead to deviations from ideal kinetics and to serious overestimates of primary radical termination. Non-ideal kinetics in solution polymerizations have, however, been attributed to this type of termination. It has been considered for the case of tributyltin methacrylate and for retarded polymerizations. A new procedure for studying the process has been described. 

Several tin, ° silicone,and iron with vinyl or acrylic residues, have been shown to copolymerize with MA. Tributyltin methacrylate is reported to copolymerize readily with MA to give equimolar copolymer. Reactivity ratios for the copolymerization... 

Microorganism resistant Tributyltin methacrylate Vinyl acetate... 

Polythioethers, synthesis, 506 Poly(thiophene-alt-MA), 660 Poly(tributyltin methacrylate-alt-MA), 383 Poly(trichloroethylene-alt-MA), 380 ... 

MA-acenaphthalene pair, 379 MA-acrylic acid pair, 381 MA copolymerization pressure effects, 379 maleic acid-styrene pair, 271 MA(Mj)-M2 copolymerizations, 269, 270, 276, 282, 292, 298, 331, 334, 345, 367, 379, 381, 384, 385, 389, 403, 408-411, 418 MA-methyl methacrylate pair, 282, 301 MA-styrene pair, 367, 409, 410 MA terpolymerization systems, 291 MA-tributyltin methacrylate pair, 285, 301 MA-trichloroethylene pair, 380 MA-vinyl cyclohexyl ketone pair, 334 MA-vinylferrocene pair, 385 MA-vinyltriethoxysilane pair, 383... 

A controlled and slow chemical reaction with the seawater at the paint surface occurs and guarantees a constant but very low TBT release The TBT binder, a copolymer of tributyltin methacrylate and methyl methacrylate, hydrolyzes in seawater at a constant linear rate. The binder becomes water soluble as soon as enough TBT has been hydrolyzed. Seawater flowing against the ship s hull polishes off the hydrolyzed remainder of the binder. 

Liepins and co-workers reported that homopolymers, copolymers, and ter-polymers of tributyltin methacrylate, and trimethyltin methacrylate were made piezoelectric active in thin films by preferential dipole-orienting solvent or by poling procedures. For instance unpoled tributytin methacrylate copolymers exhibited d3 piezoelectric activity of 1.5 X10 C/N, while poled film exhibited g31 activity of 1.6 X10 Vm/N. This is good piezoelectric activity, and it is surprising that this work has not been followed up. These materials also showed good antifouling properties and paint formulation characteristics. ... 

Zhao and coworkers synthesized a number of trialkyltin methacrylate homopolymers and copolymers. " They extensively studied the homopolymerization and copolymerization of tributyltin methacrylate with methyl methacrylate (22). Along with the tributyltin methacrylate copolymers with methyl methacrylate, they also synthesized a number of other related homo copolymers, including copolymers, derived form two tin-containing methacrylates such as triphenyltin methacrylate, and triethyltin methacrylate. ... 

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