Effect sodium pentachlorophenate

This paper discusses the effects of the pyrolysis of wood and paper treated with pentachlorophenol or sodium pentachlorophenate along with the exposure of sodium pentachlorophenate to ultraviolet light. The effect of heat, light, and air with respect to some of the chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins will be considered. 

Effects of Combustion and Heat. The results of combusting wood and paper treated with pentachlorophenol or sodium pentachlorophenate are shown in Table I. These results indicate that octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin concentration did not increase as the result of combusting either wood or paper treated with pentachlorophenol. It seems that the concentration of octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin concentration was actually decreased during combustion. However, paper treated with sodium pentachlorophenate did increase in octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin concentration as the result of combustion. 

Effect of UV Radiation on Sodium Pentachlorophenate. Sodium pentachlorophenate is quickly degraded in the presence of ultraviolet light as well as daylight, as shown in Table III. The degradation is almost complete after 16 hours exposure to the General Electric R.S. sunlamp. Three and one-half days of rainy and overcast skies account for the somewhat lower degradation observed in the sample exposed to daylight. 

Chapman, G.A. and D.L. Shumway. 1978. Effects of sodium pentachlorophenate on survival and energy metabolism of embryonic and larval steelhead trout. Pages 285-299 in K.R. Rao (ed.). Pentachlorophenol Chemistry, Pharmacology, and Environmental Toxicology. Plenum Press, New York. 

Webb, P.W. and J.R. Brett. 1973. Effects of sublethal concentrations of sodium pentachlorophenate on growth rate, food conversion efficiency, and swimming performance in underyearling sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka). Jour. Fish. Res. Board Canada 30 499-507. 

Deichmann, W.B., Machle, W., Kitzmiller, K.V. Thomas, G. (1942) Acute and chronic effects of pentachlorophenol and sodium pentachlorophenate upon experimental animals. J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther., 16, 104-117... 

Kehoe, R.A., Deichmaim-Gruebler, W. Kitzmiller, K.V. (1939) Toxic effects upon rabbits of pentachlorophenol and sodium pentachlorophenate. J. ind. Hyg. Toxicol., 21, 160-172... 

The regular use of sodium pentachlorophenate has proved successful in many instances, but it is a persistent environmental hazard and cannot be recommended. However, o -benzy 1-p -chlorophenol can often produce goods results, with low bacteria counts and clean systems. But the timing of biocide applications needs to be matched carefully with the production cycles (and process leakage periods) for optimum product effectiveness. 

Langer et al. found that the corresponding octachlorodioxin formation was favored for the sodium pentachlorophenate but that the yield of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-l,4-dioxin (TCDD, XIII) was low for the 2,4,5-trichlorophenate. They concluded that the formation of linear trimers and tetramers were favored over cyclizatlon of the dimer in the presence of a labile seta chlorine, and that steric effects also played an important selective role (ref. 121a). 

Schimmel, S.C., J.M. Patrick, Jr., and L.F. Faas. 1978. Effects of sodium pentachlorophenate on several estuarine animals toxicity, uptake, and depuration. Environmental Science Research 11 147-156. 

---