Phosphate fluoride

Fluor-jod, n. iodine fluoride, -kalium, n. potassium fluoride, -kalzium, n. calcium fluoride, -kiesel, m. silicon fluoride, -kie-selsaure,/. fluosilicic acid, -kohlenstoff, m. carbon fluoride, -lithium, n. lithium fluoride. -metall, n. metallic fluoride, -natrium, n. sodium fluoride, -phosphat, n. fluophosphate. -phosphor, m. phosphorus fluoride, -salz, n. fluoride, -schwefel, m. sulfur fluoride, -selen, n. selenium fluoride, -silber, n. silver fluoride, -silikat, n. fluo-silicate. -silizium, n. silicon fluoride, -sili-ziumverbindung, /. fluosilicate. -tantal-sMure, /. fluotantalic acid, -tellur, n. tellurium fluoride, -titan, n. titanium fluoride, -toluol, n. fluorotoluene, fluotoluene. 

For formation of anticorrosive and adhesion-improving protective layers on metals the cleaned surface is treated with aqueous acidic solution containing molybdate, chromium fluoride, phosphate, acetate, and Zn ions. As dispersant a mixture of 60% alkali salt of a phosphate ester, 20% alkylpolyglucoside, and 20% fatty alcohol ethoxylate was applied. This method passivates the metal surface by formation of an anticorrosive and protective layer that improves adhesion of subsequent coatings. 

Ammonium persulfate Enzyme breaker Complexing materials fluoride, phosphate, sulfate anions [747,748,748,748,749,969] [753] [205]... 

A particulate gel breaker for acid fracturing for gels crosslinked with titanium or zirconium compounds is composed of complexing materials such as fluoride, phosphate, sulfate anions, and multicarboxylated compounds. The particles are coated with a water-insoluble resin coating, which reduces the rate of release of the breaker materials of the particles so that the viscosity of the gel is reduced at a retarded rate [205]. 

The water samples were analysed for pH, redox potential, dissolved oxygen, electrical conductivity, nitrate, nitrite, sulphate, chloride, fluoride, phosphate and... 

Inorganic chemicals and fertilizers include acids (e.g., sulfuric, nitric) and alkalies (e.g., caustic soda, soda ash), chlorine, ammonia, and ammonia-derived fertilizers. They also include fluorine derivatives (e.g., hydrogen fluoride), phosphates, potash, pigments (e.g., titanium dioxide), and certain metals such as mercury. 

Bromide, nitrite, sulfate, fluoride, phosphate as impurities and acetate as counterion... 

FIGURE 17 Analysis of a testmix composed of chloride, nitrate, sulfate, fluoride, phosphate, and propionate with a 30 mM PDC buffer at pH 5.4. Fluoride and phosphate show a peak tailing (arrows on trace A). By rinsing the capillary, between each sample, with HCl 0.1 M, the peak tailings disappear. Trace B is shifted intentionally to show disappearance of tailings. 

Apatite, a natural calcium fluoride phosphate, can adsorb low to moderate levels of dissolved metals from soils, groundwater, and waste streams. Metals naturally chemically bind to the apatite, forming extremely stable phosphate phases of metal-substituted apatite minerals. This natural process is used by UFA Ventures, Inc., and is called phosphate-induced metals stabilization (PIMS). The PIMS material can by used in a packed bed, mixed with the contaminated media, or used as a permeable barrier. The material may be left in place, disposed of, or reused. It requires no further treatment or stabilization. Research is currently being conducted on using apatite to remediate soil and groundwater contaminated with heavy metals, and the technology may also be applicable to radionuclides. The technology is not yet commercially available. 

Silver, lead, copper(l). and thallium(I) thiocyanates are insoluble and mercuiy(II), bismuth, and tm(II) thiocyanates slightly soluble. All of these, are soluble in excess of soluble (e.g., ammonium) thiocyanate, forming complexes. Iron(III) thiocyanate gives a blood-red solution, used in detecting either Fe(lll) or thiocyanate in solution, and is extracted from water by amyl alcohol. It is not formed in the presence of fluoride, phosphate and other strongly complexing ions,... 

Fig. 2.7 shows a separation of seven common anions monitored using the conductivity detector. Fig. 2.7(b) was obtained with the ultraviolet detector after the suppressor column. As is illustrated in Fig. 2.7, nitrite, bromide, and nitrate absorb strongly in the ultraviolet, while fluoride, phosphate and sulphate do not show appreciable absorption above 190nm. Chloride absorbs weakly in the ultraviolet region below 200nm. Note that... 

It has been shown that different types of glycosyl donors (e.g. trichi oroacetimidates, fluorides, phosphates and pentenyl-, vinyl- and thio-glycosides) feature the ability to form highly reactive nitrilium intermediates in the presence of acetonitrile. The best (3 selectivities are... 

The most important sources of phosphorus are phosphate rocks containing either apatite, (a mixed fluoride-phosphate of calcium, Ca2FP04 Ca3(P04)2), or calcium phosphate itself. These yield elemental phosphorus when heated with a mixture of carbon and silica the latter forms a fusible slag with the CaO formed during the reaction, and the phosphorus formed from reduction by the carbon is distilled away from the mixture. 

Furthermore, the borates, fluorides, phosphates, oxalates, tartrates, and citrates of the Group IIIA, IIIB, IV metals and of magnesium are insoluble in alkaline solution, but dissolve in acid solution. 

The zirconium fluoride phosphate has a microporous 3D structure similar to that found in some aluminophosphate molecular sieves. 

Reduction processes are frequently involved in doping of materials prepared for specific applications. Bai <5Sr(5MgF4 (< < 0.55) was doped with Sm2+ by addition of Sm metal to the charge for crystal growth [48], Eu2+ is the key ion in fluorescent lamp phosphors for emission of blue light. Respective reduction of Eu3+ is frequently achieved in H2 atmosphere, but in alkaline earth fluoride phosphates, Sn2+ may act as reducing agent [49]. 

Fluoride Phosphates (see Phosphates Solid-state Chemistry). Simple metal fluoride phosphates hke M2(P04)F (M = Mn, Fe, Cu) and aUcah fluoride phosphates like KFe(P04)F have been known since a long time. A modem development in the stmctural chemistry of fluoride phosphates (and phosphates) is the use of (mostly protonated) organic amines as templates to consfruct new stmctural architectures. 

Several new fluoride phosphates with chain or layer stmctures have been reported for the Jahn Teller ion Mn +. 

Figure 39 Open framework structure of the gallium fluoride phosphate ULM-16 (Ga polyhedra bright, PO4 dark, amine molecules in the chatmels omitted)...

The developments of the Lewis base-modified zirconia and mixed-oxide containing zirconia as stationary phases for high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) are reviewed. In this context, the preparation methods of porous spherical zirconia, and zirconia supports for HPLC based on modification with fluoride, phosphate, phos-phonate, carboxylic acid, phenols, and protein, as well as cyclodextrin derivative, are covered. The application of modified-zirconia in capillary electrochromatography (CEC) is also discussed. 

Lithium is the only lA metal that combines with N2 to form a nitride, Li3N. Magnesium readily forms magnesium nitride, MgjN2. Both metals readily combine with carbon to form carbides, whereas the other alkali metals do not react readily with carbon. The solubilities of Li compounds are closer to those of Mg compounds than to those of other lA compounds. The fluorides, phosphates, and carbonates of both Li and Mg are only slightly soluble, but their chlorides, bromides, and iodides are very soluble. Both Li and Mg form normal oxides, Li20 and MgO, when burned in air at 1 atmosphere pressure. The other alkali metals form peroxides or superoxides. 

A number of metals [including Be, Ga, In, Sc, Fe(III), U, V, and Zr] interfere with the determination of Al. Anions that form complexes with A1 (e.g., fluoride, phosphate, citrate) prevent the formation of the ternary aluminium complex. Before the determination, Al should be separated from interfering elements, or they should be masked. 

Since iron(lll) forms eoloured complexes with SCN" ions, it interferes in the determination of cobalt. Larger quantities must be separated [e.g., by extraction, or by precipitation with Zn(OH)2]. Smaller amounts can be masked with fluoride, phosphate, or reduced to Fe(II) with ascorbic acid or SnCl2. 

Ions of metals giving stable fluoride compounds, namely Al, Fe(III), Sn, Ca, and Mg, interfere in the determination of fluoride. Phosphate, sulphate, and oxalate, which compete with fluoride in the reaction with the AC-La [or AC-Ce(III)] complex, also interfere. Finally,... 

The indium iodide complex [1-3] is > 99% extracted into diethyl ether from 0.5-2.5 M HI (6-30%). Gallium is not extracted under these conditions, but it is extracted from 6 M HCl. The hydriodic acid can be replaced by 0.5-3 M H2SO4 containing 15-20% of Kl. Chloride, bromide, fluoride, phosphate, and citrate do not interfere in the extraction of In from iodide media. Under the optimum conditions for the extraction, Tl, Cd, and Sn (and some Bi, Zn, Hg, and Sb) are extracted. Aluminium and Fe(II), like Ga, are not extracted. The indium iodide complex has also been extracted into chloroform containing N-benzylaniline [4,5]. 

Anions which form stable complexes with Fe(III), such as fluoride, phosphate, citrate, and oxalate, interfere in the determination of iron. Interference is also caused by other metals which form coloured thiocyanate complexes under the same conditions (Co, Mo, Bi, Ti), and by metals giving sparingly soluble compounds and coloured ions. These interferences may be avoided by selective extraction. 

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