Fluorescent polymers

Soluble Fluorescent Polymers. Several pigment manufacturers have developed fluorescent polymers iatended to be used as a solution for apphcation to various substrates. These toners come ia both solvent soluble and alkaline water-soluble forms. 

Nippon Shokubai and U.K. Seung are producing a fluorescent polymer claimed to be made from a co-condensation of ben2oguanamine and formaldehyde. Fine highly thermoset particles are manufactured in solution and later dried. It is useful in a wide range of appHcations, specifically plastics, and markets where bleed is a problem. 

The simplest polymer-based EL device consists of a single layer of semiconducting fluorescent polymer, c.g., PPV, sandwiched between two electrodes, one of which has to be transparent (Fig. 1-1). When a voltage or bias is applied to the material, charged carriers (electrons and holes) are injected into the emissive layer and these earners arc mobile under the influence of the high (> 105 V enr1) elec-... 

S. Yamaguchi and T.M. Swager, Oxidative cyclization of bis(biaryl)acetylenes synthesis and photophysics of dibcnzo, /j]chrysene-based fluorescent polymers, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 123 12087-12088, 2001. 

D Sainova, A Zen, HG Nothofer, U Asawapirom, U Scherf, R Hagen, T Bieringer, S Kostromine, and D Neher, Photoaddressable alignment layers for fluorescent polymers in polarized electroluminescence devices, Adv. Fund. Mater., 12 49-57, 2002. 

The time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopic approach is very fruitful in elucidating electronic and molecular aspects of laser ablation of fluorescent polymers. While a plasma-like emission and fluorescence behavior of ablated radicals have been reported (21,... 

Taniguchi T, Takeuchi N, Kobaru S, Nakahira T (2008) Preparation of highly monodisperse fluorescent polymer particles by miniemulsion polymerization of styrene with a polymerizable surfactant. J Colloid Interface Sci 327 58-62... 

Allard E, Larpent C (2008) Core-shell type dually fluorescent polymer nanoparticles for ratiometric pH-Sensing. J Polym Sci Part A Polym Chem 46 6206-6213... 

Yang X, Zhao X, Zuo X, Wang K, Wen J, Zhang H (2009) Nucleic acids detection using cationic fluorescent polymer based on one-dimensional microfluidic beads array. Talanta 77 1027-1031... 

Rininsland F, Stankewicz C, Weatherford W, McBranch D (2005) High-throughput kinase assays with protein substrates using fluorescent polymer superquenching. BMC Biotechnol 5 16... 

Yang J-S, Swager TM (1998) Porous shape persistent fluorescent polymer films an approach to TNT sensory materials. J Am Chem Soc 120 5321-5322... 

Kushon SA, Ley KD, Bradford K, Jones RM, McBranch D, Whitten D (2002) Detection of DNA hybridization via fluorescent polymer superquenching. Langmuir 18 7245-7249... 

Disney M, Zheng J, Swager TM, Seeberger P (2004) Detection of bacteria with carbohydrate-functionalized fluorescent polymers. J Am Chem Soc 126 13343-13346... 

You CC, Miranda OR, Gider B, Ghosh PS, Kim IB, Erdogan B, Krovi SA, Bunz UHF, Rotello VM (2007) Detection and identification of proteins using nanoparticle-fluorescent polymer chemical nose sensors. Nat Nanotechnol 2 318-323... 

W. P. Carey and B. S. Jorgensen, Optical sensors for high acidities based on fluorescent polymers, Appl. Sped. 45, 834-838 (1991). 

QTL Lightspeed (quencher-tether-ligand) QTL Biosystems Tethered ligand quencher modulates signal from fluorescent polymer in proportion to cleavage of ligand by target enzyme... 

Detection of Explosives Using Amplified Fluorescent Polymers... 

Numerous discoveries in synthetic organic and organometaUic chemistry have spawned the development of a whole host of semiconducting fluorescent polymer structural classes, some of which are illustrated in Figure 1. In addition to differences between structural classes of polymers, the properties of these systems can also... 

Figure l Several structural classes of semiconducting fluorescent polymers. 

Designing a conjugated polymer sensor based on FQ, however, is not only a matter of making a fluorescent polymer for which the photoinduced electron transfer reaction is energetically favorable. There are other important factors that must be considered and requirements that must be met to rehably detect any analyte of interest, including TNT, from the vapor phase. In the broadest sense, these considerations distill to the two primary considerations for any sensing system, sensitivity and selectivity. 

The unique simplicity of TNT detection by this method renders the fabrication of an operable device built around amplified fluorescent polymer technology a relatively simple proposition in comparison to other technological platforms. The method relies purely on changes in fluorescence intensity. AH that is theoretically required is a means of introducing vapor samples to a conjugated polymer film, a light source to excite the polymer film, and a photodetector to measure the emission intensity as a function of time. 

The selectivity inherent to TNT detection by amplified fluorescent polymers, as described in Section 4, helps to rriinirriize false-positives in land mine detection. These sensor devices respond only to nitroaromatics and similarly small, electron-deficient analytes, which are found typically only in or close to explosives and explosive devices. Field-tests to date have demonstrated that these devices are at least as reliable as trained dogs in detecting explosives that contain nitroaromatics. There is still uncertainty concerning what chemical that dogs actually detect when searching for explosives [17]. This... 

M.E. Fisher, Applications of Sensors Utilizing Amplifying Fluorescent Polymers For Ultra-Trace Level Detection of Explosives, Eighth International Symposium for the Analysis and Detection of Explosives (ISADE), Ottawa, Canada, June 2004. 

Vazquez C, Boeykens S, Bonadeo H (2002) Total reflection X-ray fluorescence polymer spectra classification by taxonomy statistic tools. Talanta 57 1113-1117... 

---