Fluorescent carbohydrate

Abdul-Rahman B, Ailor E, Jarvis D, Betenbaugh M, Lee YC. Beta-(1- > 4)-Galactosyltransferase activity in native and engineered insect cells measured with time-resolved europium fluorescence. Carbohydr Res. 2002 337 2181-2186. 

C.-C. Huang, C.-T. Chen, Y.-C. Shiang, Z.-H. Lin, and H.-T. Chang, Synthesis of fluorescent carbohydrate-protected An nanodots for detection of concanavalin A and Escherichia coli, Anal. Chem., 81 (2009) 875-882. 

Note Subsequent immersion of the chromatogram in a mixture of liquid paraffin — n-hexane (1+2) leads to an increase in the fluorescence by a factor of 2.5 to 4.5 for some carbohydrates. 

In long-wavelength UV light (2 = 365 nm) carbohydrates, e.g. glucose, fructose and lactose, yield pale blue fluorescent derivatives on a weakly fluorescent background. In situ quantitation can be performed at = 365 nm and 2fi = 546 nm (monochromatic filter M 546) [19]. Further differentiation can be achieved by spraying afterwards with p-anisidine-phosphoric acid reagent [8]. 

A typical application of the RI detector is in carbohydrate analysis. Carbohydrates do not adsorb in the UV, do not ionize and although fluorescent derivatives can be made, the procedure is tedious. Consequently, the RI detector can be ideal for detecting such materials and an example of such an application is shown in figure 18. 

Yamauchi, S., Nakai, C., Nimura, N., Kinoshita, T., and Hanai, T., Development of a highly sensitive fluorescence reaction detection system for liquid chromatographic analysis of reducing carbohydrates, Analyst, 118, 773,1993. 

A long-wavelength probe 29 signaling carbohydrates in aqueous solutions by increasing of fluorescence was developed by Akkaya and Kukre on the basis of a symmetrical squaraine dye containing two phenylboronic acid functions [89]. The emission maximum of this probe is at 645 nm. A maximal response of about 25% was found for fructose. 

Kukrer B, Akkaya EU (1999) Red to near IR fluorescent signalling of carbohydrates. Tetrahedron Lett 40 9125-9128... 

Fluorescent pseudomonads are capable of synthesizing poly(3HAMCL)s from a large number of substrates. Work on the biotechnological production of poly(3HAMCL) has focused mainly on two model systems - Pseudomonas oleo-vorans and P. putida. P. oleovorans is able to use alkanes and alkenes as substrate due to the presence of the OCT-plasmid while P. putida, which does not have this plasmid, cannot. In contrast to P. oleovorans, however, P. putida can use carbohydrates such as glucose and fructose for the production of poly(3HAMCL). 

Matsuoka, K., Nishimura, S. I. and Lee, Y. C. (1995). A bi-fluorescence-labeled substrate for ceramide glycanase based on fluorescence energy-transfer. Carbohydr. Res. 276, 31-42. 

Blagoi, G., Rosenzweig, N. and Rosenzweig, Z. (2005). Design, synthesis, and application of particle-based fluorescence resonance energy transfer sensors for carbohydrates and glycoproteins. Anal. Chem. 77, 393-399. 

The following sections describe fluorescent biotinylation reagents that can be used to study carbohydrate function and interactions. 

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