Flow-through chip

Figure 11. Flow through chip which provides the basis for the Electronic Tongue biosensor (www.cm.utexas.edu/mcdevitt/tastechip.htm, March 22, 2004).

Fig. 10.12 Chemiluminescence image of four spotted probes on a macroporous silicon-based flow-through chip after hybridization.

We studied here on accumulation of light collected by flow injection-HRP catalyzed imidazole CL. For the purpose, we have developed the CL monitoring system that consisted of a cooled CCD camera with an FFT-CCD chip as a light detector and the HRP immobilized flow-through chip as a CL reactor. We report the results of image detection and accumulation of light using the novel CL system. 

We made the flow-through chip as a flow cell reactor by constructing two acrylic plates (5 cm X 3 cm)) and a spacer plate (5 cm x 3 cm x 1.5 mm) with a window (cell volume 1.35 xlO m ). Two ports connecting to Teflon mbes (0.5 mm i.d.) as a inlet and outlet tube was set at the window site on the lower plate, respectively. HRP was immobilized between the two ports at the lower plate after constructing the silica layer (3x5 mm). 

The solution as mobile phase (imidazole lOOmmol/L in the Tricine buffer 50 mmol/L, pH 9.4) was flowed at 0.1 mL/min using HPLC pump to the flow cell reactor via inlet connecting tube, and drained via a outlet tube. H2O2 specimen (20 juL) was injected with a loop injector (7125, JASCO). The reaction temperature for CL was room temperature. Light from the flow-through chip was detected after the dark frame reduction with the CCD-CL monitor. 

Principles for accumulated light detection by HRP catalyzed imidazole CL HRP catalyzed imidazole CL The HRP catalyzed imidazole CL consists of three factors (HRP, alkaline imidazole, and H2O2). Stable flow of mobile phase is introduced in the flow-through chip where HRP is immobilized. H2O2 specimen is injected and reaches the flow cell resulting in light emission after being mixed with the alkaline imidazole and immobilized HRP. 

In conclusion, a novel flow through chip and a cooled CCD-CL monitor was developed in this study to accumulate lights by repetitive injection of H2O2 specimen. The method for light accumulation is expected to detect very small amounts of HRP in a miniaturized assay system. 

PCR Lab-on-Chip Devices, Fig. 5 Principle of construction of a flow-through chip thomocycler... 

The principle of flow-through PCR can further be miniaturized and optimized with respect to heat transfer conditions by realizing flow-through chip thermocyclers [11, 12]. These are devices... 

The specific fields of recent and future applications of rapid flow-through chip PCR demand the development of PCR-based chip devices with additional integrated functions for sample pretreatment, on-line sensing, process control and real-time measurement, referencing, and reproducibility tests. Therefore, further efforts for integration of transducers as well as additional fluid manipulation functions are required. 

The ferric oxide is impregnated on wood chips, which produces a solid bed with a large ferric oxide surface area. Several grades of treated wood chips are available, based on iron oxide content. The most common grades are 6.5-, 9.0-, 15.0-, and 20-lb iron oxide/bushel. The chips are contained in a vessel, and sour gas flows through the bed and reacts with the ferric oxide. Figure 7-3 shows a typical vessel for the iron sponge process. 

This class of hybrid components comprises chip micro-reactor devices, as described in Section 4.1.3, connected to conventional tubing. This may be H PLC tubing which sometimes has as small internals as micro channels themselves. The main function of the tubing is to provide longer residence times. Sometimes, flow through the tube produces characteristic flow patterns such as in slug-flow tube reactors. Chip-tube micro reactors are typical examples of multi-scale architecture (assembly of components of hybrid origin). 

J. Zeravik, T. Ruzgas, and M. Franek, A highly sensitive flow-through amperometric immunosensor based on die peroxidase chip and enzyme-channeling principle. Biosens. Bioelectron. 18,1321—1327 (2003). 

MS-REGLO Ismatec SA., Glattbrugg, Switzerland) that has four separate pumping channels, each of them functioning independently from each other. In Fig. 10.9 a photograph of a flow-through cuvette assembled on the YI chip is shown. 

Fig. 10.9 Photograph of the sensor chip and the flow through cuvette. The chip contains 11 four channel YI sensors. The light is coupled into the chip by means of an optical fiber at the top right hand side. The light is transported to the sensing area by means of a curved channel waveguide, visible as a white curved line. Ruler indicates the dimensions in centimeters. Reprinted from Ref. 28 with permission. 2008 American Chemical Society...

As a consequence, the temperature slope in the metal-line part of path 2 between the contact and the bulk chip is lower, which indicates a reduced heat flow through the metal line. This is equivalent to a better thermal decoupling of the metal power supply lines from the heated area, so that the presented microhotplate design is well suited to achieve operating temperatures up to 500 °C. 

Similar development has occurred in Germany.In 1943 it was reported that 250,000 hectoliters of alcohol were produced from sulfite waste liquor. The preferred method of fermentation was a continuous method in which the yeast was grown on chips or twigs and the neutralized sulfite waste liquor flowed through these chips. ... 

The ISFET-based integrated coulometric sensor-actuator system was introduced in 1985 [154] in order to facilitate in situ calibration of ISFETs. The essential components of a prototype sensor based on this operational principle are shown in Fig. 4.20.B. The system was built by integrating a large noble-metal actuator electrode and a counter-electrode in a piece of silicon. A window in the actuator electrode was etched to receive the gate of the ISFET, which functioned as a pH indicator. The flow-through cell was constructed by sealing a silicon cover with an etched cavity of the chip. The system operation resembles that of a conventional coulometric titration system very closely. The sample was first injected into the cavity and the... 

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