Flow injection analysis with hydride generation

Yamamoto M., Yasuda M. and Yamamoto Y. (1985) Hydride generation AAS coupled with flow injection analysis, Anal Chem 57 1382-1385. 

De Bias OJ and Mateos NR (1996) Determination of total arsenic and selenium in plants by atomic absorption spectrometry with hydride generation and flow injection analysis coupled techniques. JAOAC Int 79 764-768. 

O. Astrom, Flow Injection Analysis for the Determination of Bismuth by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry with Hydride Generation. Anal. Chem., 54 (1982) 90. 

M. Yamamoto, M. Yasuda, and Y. Yamamoto, Hydride-Generation Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Coupled with Flow Injection Analysis. Anal. Chem., 57 (1985) 1382. 

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Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometric analysis with flow-injection/hydride generation... 

Table 5.3 sets out the advantages and disadvantages of the batch and continuous flow techniques. The introduction of continuous-flow hydride/vapour-generation has substantially advanced the value and acceptance of the technique for trace elemental analysis. Appfied Research Laboratories (now part of Fisons Elemental), P.S. Analytical and Varian have all introduced continuous-flow hydride/vapour-generation systems, whilst Perkin Ehner has used the flow injection modification to automate the techniques with their instrumentation. 

Flow injection hydride generation has been used to measure As, Hg, and Se in coals with detection limits in the 2- to 5-ng/g range [341]. Comparison of ICP-MS and neutron activation analysis results showed good agreement. 

Chemical modifications can be achieved by the addition of chemical reagents to the solvent in the transport line before the sample has been injected. The analyte elements undergo reactions with the reagents during the time that they are transported to the nebulizer, the transport tube acting as the chemical reaction vessel. The length of the transport line and the flow rate of the carrier liquid control the time of the reaction. After the reaction is completed and before the sample is introduced into the plasma, separations can be carried out on the analyte species. Two examples of this process include the separation of volatile species formed by a hydride generation reaction by a gas-liquid separator and the separation of complexed analyte species by a continuous liquid—liquid solvent extraction.This procedure has been effectively used for speciation measurements to isolate a specific form or oxidation state of the analyte prior to elemental analysis. 

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