ECL Coupled with Flow Injection Analysis

A glucose biosensor based on luminol ECL, where sol-gel method is employed to immobilize glucose oxidase (GOD) on the surface of a glassy carbon electrode was illustrated. Carrier, luminol and sample solutions are delivered by a peristaltic 

Glassy Carbon Electrode luniinol oxidised luminul 

The use of FI-ECL sensor was also reported for the determination of durabolin in an aqueous system based on CdTe QD films. These QD films, used as a recognizer to determine durabolin, were packed into a homemade cell. The proposed sensor works on the intensive anodic ECL emission which was achieved at a starting potential of +1.3 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) in a carbonate bicarbonate buffer solution with a pH of 9.93 at a CdTe QDs-modified ITO electrode. This approach could easily open new avenues for the applications of QDs in ECL biosensing [82]. 

The flow cell built from solid PTFE, placed in a light-proof steel box was used for the determination of gallic acid. Luminol and KCl solutions were run continuously at 3.5 mL min by the peristaltic pump to the mixing valve, which was mixed further with the carrier water stream pumped at 3.5 mL min [84]. Sensitive ECL inhibition effects in the presence of adrenaline [85], noradrenaline, and DA were observed for Ru(bpy)3 /TPA and Ru(phen)3 /TPA systems. The method was made practical for the determination of commercial pharmaceutical injection samples with satisfied results. Two phenomena, namely potential-dependent ECL and ECL-inhibition, were observed for both Ru(bpy)3 /TPA and Ru(phen)3 /TPA systems. It was found that the Ru(phen)3 /TPA ECL system offers many benefits over Ru(bpy)3 VTPA system including higher ECL intensity, better reproducibility, and larger inhibition sensitivity to bofli noradrenaline and DA. Compared with most conventional spectrometry, electrochemical, and HPLC or CE methods in both the sensitivity and LR, the proposed method is very simple, rapid, and sensitive and is possibly applied for trace analyses of biological samples [86]. 

The development and application of an electrochemical cell exclusively designed for disposable screen printed carbon electrodes (SPCE) suitable for simultaneous ECL and amperometric detection in sequential injection analysis (SIA) was described by Zen s group. The present flow system is user-friendly, requires less volume, and is easily operatable, since it has facility for PMT via a fiber optic facing the SPCE [89]. 

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