First line checks

Clinker phase reaction degrees may be verified by SEM-IA or solid-state NMR spectroscopy. Mass balance calculations can be used as a first-line check for internal consistency. For example, portlandite and ettringite quantification results can be compared to theoretically calculated portlandite and ettringite contents calculated from the reacted amounts of C3S/C2S and C3A/C4AF, respectively. 

To check that the line structures represent the correct substances, count the number of intersections and line ends, which should equal the number of C atoms in the compound. The first line structure has five, the second has three, and the third has five, matching the chemical formulas. 

To confirm that the reaction is first order, check to see if a plot of In [N2O5] versus time gives a straight line. The rate constant for a first-order reaction equals minus the slope of the straight line. 

Perhaps the first line of investigation should be a mechanical evaluation of the system to rule out causes such as instrumentation or valves. Typical investigations include an instrument check they should be tested and calibrated. Filters should be checked for channeling. Valves should be checked to determine if they are functioning properly. Filters and softeners should be checked to determine whether the specific flow rate or flux is within design guidelines. 

Several components of the innate immune system must be activated by agonists such as PAMPs, but this activation can occur within minutes or hours rather than days. Therefore, innate reponses are quicker, but the immunity they afford may not be as effective over as long a period of time as adaptive immunity. Nevertheless, the innate immune system represents the all-important first line of defence against pathogens and is absolutely essential for keeping an infection in check before adaptive immunity can be induced. If innate immunity is malignly attacked, the battle against infections is lost from the start. 

A similar technique, more common with air systems, is to automate the familiar double-block-and-bleed arrangement. The first step in this design might be to replace a simple check valve with a differential-pressure control valve that shuts when the pressure differential reverses. This affords two levels of protection, unless one assumes that the check valve is fundamentally untrustworthy and always allows somebackleakage. Check valves can, of course, be made more reliable by proper installation and by extra measures such as force loading. An elaboration on the diagram above is to add a second valve in the line that closes when the differential pressure is too low or even negative. Finally, the space between the two in-line check valves can be vented for more positive protection. 

The first line computes the makeup flow rate and stores it in a variable called R (1). The second line copies the value in R(l) into the total stream molar flow rate (SMR) for stream MEOH, which is the name given to the makeup stream in this example. You can use the Check Procedure command to ensure that your code is free of errors. Then run and verily manually that the results make sense. Once this works, it is safe to connect the outlet of the methanol chiller to the absorber feed, completing the loop. A rerun of the simulation should result in rapid convergence. 

The level function (line 1) evaluates the unit rule list. The and function is first called, as the top-level node is always an AND in any rule tree. This first node gathers all conditions required for the rule to be satisfied. The eval function (line 20) evaluates a node according to its type. In the test function (line 34) we only show the SUP operator (line 37). First we check the timeliness status of both operands by recursively calling the and function. If the evaluation returns true, we compare the values of both operands (line 41). The unit function (line 47) is called to evaluate a unit and returns its timeliness status. 

The avaHabHity of citation searching tools is on the increase. A citation database for U.S. patents was first built by Search Check, Inc., which coHected aH U.S. patent citations back to their first appearance on patent copies in 1947. This database was subsequentiy made avaHable for on-line... 

On lines 6.2.1 through 6.2.3, report the amount of the chemical transferred to other off-site locations corresponding to those listed in Part II, Sections 2.1 through 2.6, including privately owned wastewater treatment facilities. In the block provided, enterthe numberfrom Part II, Section 2 corresponding to the off-site location to which the transfer is sent For example, if the transfer is sent to the location listed in Part II, Section 2 3. enter 3" in the block provided. (The first digit of this section number has been precoded.) If you need additional space, check the box at the bottom of Section 6 and use the Supplemental Information Sheet (Part IV, Section 6) to report those transfers. 

In applying FMEA, a mechanical flow diagram must first be developed.. As an example, consider the check valve on a liquid dump line. It can fail... 

The smaller of the two boilers became short of water first, and the low w ater level trip shut it dowm. The operator was so busy trying to get it back on line that he ignored the low water level and other alarms that were sounding on the other boiler. Unfortunately the trips on this boiler did not work, as it had been rewired (incorrectly) since it was last checked. Fifteen to 20 minutes later, someone saw flames corning out of the boiler stack. The boiler was then shut down manually. By this time most of the tubes had melted. 

If applicable, the program notes that there is an imaginary frequency present just prior to the frequency and normal modes output, and the first frequency value is less than zero. Log files may be searched for this line as a quick check for imaginary frequencies. 

If and when water losses occur, the most usual response is simply to add more chemical it is only when this exercise is repeated one or two more times that a water loss is considered and checks are carried out to identify the source of the leak. The first step in verifying water losses is to install a water meter on the MU line. The following checklist may also help. 

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