Finishing, properties

Acrylic, epoxy, and polyester powders are all used in appliance finishes. Properties of a typical acrylic as shown in Table VII (41. 42). For exterior exposure, the acrylic or polyester is preferred. 

Finding classes is always a creative task. It thus depends on the subjective perspective of the modeler. Therefore, when defining, for example, order designations, we will only abstract specific properties of cases 4711 or 4723, respectively, leading to the classes completed order or finished order. At Level 2, we will abstract the completed and finished properties and create the parent class order from the subset. This operation is known as generalization and is illustrated by a triangular symbol. 

Chem. Descrip Themroplastic acrylic based on B/VMMA Uses Acrylic for fabric paints, textile finishes Properties MFT 1 C Tg 7 C 50% solids AcryGen D 541 [OMNOVA Sol ns.j... 

Uses Crosslinking agent for waterborne and organosol finishes Properties Sp.gr. 1.24 dens. 10.3 Ib/gal (solids) vise. 57-184 poise 96% min. NV 0. /o max. free formaldehyde Beetle 80 [Cytecind.]... 

Chem. Descrip. Nonsilicone mineral oil-based defoamer Uses Defoamer for emulsion painfs, wafer-based adhesives and glues, polymerizafion, cleaners, wallpaper removers, latex masonry finishes Properties Liq. 100% acf. 

Chem. Descrip. Branched polyester bearing hydroxyl groups Uses Formulation of flexible two-pack PU coatings for wood finishing Properties Hazen < 250 color (70% in 1 -methoxypropylacetate-2) dens. = 1.17 g/cm (20 C) vise. 400 0100 mPa-s-(23 C, 70% in 1-methoxy-propylacetate-2)acid no. < 3 pour pt. = -3 C flash pt. = 150 C < 0.1% water... 

Uses Mar resist, aid, abrasion resist, aid, matting agent for decorative and protective coatings for automotive and marine trim, office furniture, household appliances, electronic housings, powd. coatings, solv.- and water-based, air-drying, and heat-curable systems Features Epoxy functional confers a silky, smooth matte finish Properties Powd. 

Uses Surfactant, emulsifier for cosmetic lotions, bath oils, formulations requiring clarity provides low temp, flexibility and vise, modification for PVC plastisols lubricant in textile spin finishes Properties Yel. clear liq. sol. in methanol, ethanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, toluol, naphtha, min. and veg. oils sp.gr. 0.99 solid, pt. 5-12 C FILB 15 acid no. < 5 iodine no. 7.5 sapon. no. 130-140 pFI 4 (5% aq.) nonionic 100% cone. 

Chem. Desaip. Sat. polyester resin in n-butyl acetate Uses Polyester for coil coatings, metal deco coatings, appliance finishes, OEM coatings, furniture finishes Features Used with amino resin in baking finishes Properties Gardner 7 max. color dens. 9.1 Ib/gal vise. Z,.Z, acid no. 20 85% NV... 

Uses Dye for coloring adhesives, oils, waxes, soivs., wood stains, inks, transparent lacquers, leather finishes Properties Solv.-sol. 

Chem. Descrip. Alkyd, chain stopped, linoleic rich oil type, xylene solv. Uses Alkyd for quick air-dty industrial finishes Properties Vise. 45-65 poise 50% NV Sobral 71NX60 [Scott Bader]... 

Chem. Descrip. Sulfonated castor oil CAS 8002-33-3 EINECS/ELINCS 232-306-7 Uses Rheology control agent, thixotrope, geiiant, sag control agent, pigment antisettling agent for trade sales and industrial finishes Properties Reddish-brn. liq. sp.gr. 1.04 dens. 8.7 Ib/gal flash pt. > 200 F 75% act. 

The solventless epoxy film shows typical epoxy finish properties, but is inevitably less flexible than usual because (a) the films are thicker and (b) the close spacing of the reacting groups leads to a high density of cross-links. The film is, however, very tough and does not shatter easily. 

Low-temperature acrylic stoving finishes are available. After spraying on a suitable pre-treated surface the components are allowed a 10-minute flash off period to allow the solvents to evaporate before stoving. The component is then baked, or stoved, usually in a convection oven for 30 minutes at 120 C depending on the required finished properties. 

When an epoxy resin formulation is too viscous for the intended process, it may be thinned by adding low-molecular-weight liquids. These are preferably mono- or diepoxy monomers, smaller than conventional bisphenol epoxy molecules, which can react right into the finished resin without sacrifice of properties. Some formulators may use nonreac-tive diluents, but these may detract from finished properties. 

Cellulases. Alkaline enzymes are also important in the textile industry. For biopolishing denims, alkaline cellulases are preferred since they control back-staining and 3deld good denim finishing properties. When acidic and neutral cellulases (from H. insolens and T. reesei, respectively) were used for the enzymatic treatment, back-staining of the white yam of denim fabric was observed (24). 

Some light, low boiling aromatic hydrocarbon solvents are used with epoxy resins to obtain fluidity. These aromatics are of assistance during the application of thin films. The solvent volatilizes during cure and has no effect on the ultimate finished properties of the compound. 

The spin finish properties (wetting time, special adhesive content) must be correlated with the customer s machinery availability to guarantee optimum application. The preparations for softening and antistatic protection of the PP staple fibers must be compatible with the stabilizers, and should be preferably liquid and have suitable fogging and ecological behavior [115]. The most important properties of nondurable antistats include low volatility, low toxicity, heat resistance, oil solubility, nonyellowing characteristics, and low flammability they should also be noncorrosive, especially if the treated material will come into contact with metallic processing equipment. 

From a materials science point of view, carbon ramming paste between the carbon cathode blocks and in the seam lining is the same carbon cathode material. The finished properties of baked ramming paste are the same, and the testing is almost the same. Yet it is an unfinished product that will receive the properties only after preheating and startup. 

Several typical or starting point solution pressure sensitive adhesive formulations illustrating some of the uses described above are given in Table 4. They are provided for general guidance on materials selection and quantity but likely require modification to suit specific ingredients, manufacturing, and finished property requirements. 

Most testing of rubber and rubber compounds is conducted to determine processing characteristics or to measure physical properties after vulcanization. Processability of a rubber compound is dependent on the compound s viscosity and elasticity. Generally, the physical properties of vulcanized rubber compounds are measured by static and dynamic mechanical tests designed to simulate the mechanical conditions of finished rubber products. Following are the test procedures and instruments most widely used to measure and evaluate processability and finished properties. 

The resin system will generally be the major part of the finished material and will give the final coating most of its inherent physical and chemical properties. It may well be beneficial to mix resins in order to achieve the desired finished properties. However, care should be taken. Long term stability studies have shown that mixed emulsions can be problematic in storage. 

Emulsion resins can have vast differences in finished properties by copolymerising different acrylic monomers and styrene, and utilising certain monomers to give specific groups in the back bone, such as carboxy groups. Properties can range from hard, brittle films to soft, flexible (even tacky) films by varying the amounts and choice of monomers. This is similar to solvent based counterparts. 

Traditional flaked cereals are produced from whole grains, decorticated/degermed kernels, and refined milled fractions from maize, rice, and other cereals. The selection of the raw materials is therefore critically important to the finished properties of the flakes. 

Note that this DVW pipe formulation contains no impact modifier or other lubricants. Depending upon the desired finished properties of the pipe, the minimum impact strength standards may be achieved simply by increasing the wall thickness of the pipe specimen. Other lubricants may improve processing and fusion speed but may add cost. 

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