Back-bone

M Bower, FE Cohen, RL Dunbrack Jr. Prediction of protein sidecham rotamers from a back-bone-dependent rotamer library A new homology modeling tool. J Mol Biol 267 1268-1282, 1997. 

In this sense it should be mentioned that (Ala)n is dissolved by hexafluorisopropanol (HFIP) without conformation change and that stretched fibers of (Leu) shrink in HFIP (20 °C) at about 60 % only by disorientation of (Leu)n molecules, because no conformation change occurs according to X-ray measurements 122,123). An interaction of the OH-group of the alcohol with the back-bone-CO-NH-groups is not very likely because, in this case, conformation changes should be observed. 

One of the major drawbacks to many promising copolymers is their unsatisfactory electrochemical stability. Carbonyl groups which feature in many of the back-bone/chain linking groups are likely to cause stability concerns. Likewise, urethane, alcohol, and siloxane functions are sensitive to lithium metal. With this in mind, a recent trend has been to find synthetic routes to amorphous structures with... 

Since the electrostatic potential sharply decreases with increasing distance from the polyelectrolyte cylinder, the degree of reactivity modification by functional groups fixed to the polyion is strongly dependent on the distance from the cylinder surface. Considerable electrostatic potential effects on the photoinduced forward and thermal back electron transfer reactions, which will be discussed in the following chapters, can be attributed to the functional chromophore groups directly attached to the polyelectrolyte back-bone through covalent bonds. 

Histones are small, basic proteins required to condense DNA into chromatin. They have been first described and named in 1884 by Albrecht Kossel. There are five main histones HI, H2A, H2B, H3 andH4. An octamer of core histones H2A, H2B, H3 andH4 is located inside a nucleosome, the central building block of chromatin, with about 150 base pairs of DNA wrapped around. The basic nature of histones, mediated by the high content of lysine and arginine residues, allows a direct interaction with the acidic phosphate back bone of DNA. The fifth histone HI is located outside at the junction between nucleosomes and is referred to as the linker histone. Besides the main histones, so-called histone variants are known, which replace core histones in certain locations like centromers. 

The need for renewable technologies creates ample catalytic opportunities. We have seen that the techno-economic scenarios favor different technologies in the course of time. This implies on ongoing need for process innovation, for which catalysis is the chemical back bone. Clearly, progress requires a sustained integrated effort with the many other disciplines that are needed to develop the devices and the required infrastructure. 

From MetallatedPhosphines. The synthesis of polymeric tertiary phosphines based on the reaction of lithium diphenylphosphide with chloromethylated polystyrenes continues to attract interest.9 10 Considerable breakdown of the carbon-carbon back-bone of PVC occurs on reaction with lithium diphenylphosphide in THF, and only oligomers of low molecular weight result.11 The potassium salt (9) reacts with chloromethylated polystyrene to form the polymeric diphosphine (10).12... 

Various types of morphologies and crystalline modifications of s-PS have been reported [44], One of these modifications has an orthorhombic form (space group = P2i2i2i) with a planar zigzag conformation of back-bone chain. This form corresponds to the a-phase found by Kobayashi et al. [35] and to the P-phase named by Guerra et al. [36], The crystal structure of this form was analyzed and the plane of phenyl rings within this form is normal to the chain axis (c-axis) [37-39],... 

Thus, even in this flexible acyclic back-bone case, the electrophilic substitution occurs with almost complete asymmetric induction, which means that both deprotonation selectivity and alkylation selectivity are almost 100%. 

Protein Pharmaceuticals Glycosylation Linkage to Peptide Back bone"... 

In order to improve such a work-up, two concave pyridines 3 have been attached to a polymeric back-bone in order to recover the concave base by simple filtration. A spacer has been attached to the convex outside of the pyridine 3, i.e. in 4-position of the pyridine ring. As spacer, an ethyleneglycol unit was chosen because the spacer should not be too long to avoid a folding of the hollow cave of the concave pyridine onto the polymeric backbone. On the other hand, a spacer reduces interactions between the backbone and the concave pyridine and enhances partial solvation. 

Alaska pollack back bone Calcium bioavailability Jung et al. (2006)... 

The following is the modus operands, —It is proper to obserro that all bones do not answer for this manufacture. Only spongy bones can be used the ribs, the back-bone, the lower jaw-bone of animals, and the horns, are those which yield tlie greatest amount of gelatin. The bones are broken as small as possible by means of an axe. Some hydrochloric acid of... 

Comb, monodisperse back-bone and monodis- = perse side chains, random coupling of the side chains along the backbone... 

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