Financial climate

Suggested Approach For Negotiations. In the current financial climate (marked by reduced federal funding for university research) university administrators and researchers are actively seeking alternative sources of funds for research. The fact that a corporate sponsor is willing to fund a research project does not always... 

As outlined above, the R D efforts of the modem pharmaceutical industry are affected by myriad factors including the political, social, and financial climates of the developed and developing world. Given that dmg development cycles are frequently of the order of ten years, it is difficult to predict which of these issues may have an impact on future performance and how to react to them. In addition, the pharmaceutical market is tmly international and so company management must monitor developments in numerous countries where they operate. However, it is clear that a few factors will be significant in the next decade. 

R Well, because I don t think that anybody. .. has ever put any money on it. You see we have been very headless in the safety organization. .. it has been treated very lightly by some people on the Board. .. it s pie in the sky because of the current financial climate, the possibilities of being sold off to privatization and one thing and another. I can t see us spending money on a non-productive unit, because that is what it amounts to. 

One key member of the Joint Committee voiced dissent to the Price-Anderson bill. In a separate opinion filed with the two reports, Chet Holifield conveyed his feeling that the bill would provide a financial climate in which private industry could take undue risks with public health and safety. As evidence he cited the refusal of the "hardheaded insurance companies" to place full-coverage policies on atomic reactors and Commissioner Libby s testimony regarding the consequences of worst possible accidents. "An aye vote," Holifield told his congressional... 

Selection from existing or innovative Construction Methods, Schedules and Designs to Adapt projects to the Latest Understanding of the Changing Risks due to Climate at each individual site (e.g., the passive damping system at the Taipei Financial Center). 

In the past few years, the insurance industry has developed financial products suitable for dealing with climate change-related risks in the direction to play a role far beyond simply compensating climate change s victims for their losses ex post. The activity of the insurance has become relevant as a political economic instruments within an ex ante strategy to financially manage large-scale catastrophes, as a complement of ex post instruments for the compensation of disaster losses. 

With this kind of financial products, the insurance industry tries to reach two goals. First, there is the need for extra capital and to spread risks beyond the insurance sector. Particularly, cat bonds are used to spread insurance risk in the financial sector. The second goal is to improve the accuracy and the resolution of hazard data and the likely impacts on climate change with the involvement of financial market forecast ability. 

Insurance products can be designed in a way for which simply their price reflects the level of climate change-related risk assumed by the insurer. These products, rewarding behavior that reduces risk of financial losses, encourage adaptive behavior. For example, insurance products that incorporate these features provide a premium discounts on property insurance for climate-resilient commercial or residential buildings. 

The second kind of insurance products that stimulate adaptation is based on the availability of capital to cope with catastrophes. These are financial arrangements intended to bring needed capital that will reduce the risk that could derive from future climate-related hazards for those who are most likely to be in peril. These products can be defined as adaptation oriented because they help to build the capacity of nations, communities, and businesses to cope with climate change impacts. 

Keywords Agriculture Climate change Financial crisis National security Agroforestry Allelopathy Aquaculture Beneficial microorganisms and insects... 

Financial Crisis, Climate Change and the Painkiller Solution... 

The effects of transport on economy, people and on the environment are manifold. They include the consequences of transport accidents and fatalities, nuisance and health effects caused by steady noise exposure, air emissions and the exhaust and resuspension of particles, climate impacts by the emission of greenhouse gases, soil and water contamination, and the deterioration of natural habitats. Moreover, the financial burden of infrastructure provision and the additional travel and production costs caused by congestion should be mentioned but these items are mainly borne by transport users themselves and thus are only partly imposed on society as a whole. Not all of these effects are equally relevant for all means of transport. While accidents constitute the major problem of car travel, the railways definitely face a noise problem and air transport contributes most to the emission of climate gases. 

Financial considerations were not the only factor influencing job decisions. Some interviewees indicated that their job decisions were based on interpersonal relationships and the culture or climate of the employing organization. Sometimes academic advisors played key roles in these decisions. One Cohort III interviewee remarked My Ph.D. advisor was a good friend of the Research Director... 

We thank Prof. Benjamin F. Hobbs of the Johns Hopkins University (Baltimore, USA) as well as those ECN staff members who contributed to the C02 Price Dynamics project, notably Stefan Bakker, Michael ten Donkelaar, Henk Harmsen, Sebastiaan Hers, Wietze Lise and Martin Scheepers (for details, see Sijm et al., 2005, 2006). We also thank Alessio Sancetta for guidance on the econometric analysis, Jim Cust for research assistance, and the UK research council project TSEC and Climate Strategies for financial support. 

Financial support from the UK Research Council Project TSEC, and from the Carbon Trust and Climate Strategies is gratefully acknowledged. 

In February 2007, the United Nation s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) recommended banning all construction on land that is less than 39 inches above sea level. In July 2007, the Union of Concerned Scientists predicted that if inaction continues, the Financial District and the subways in New York City will probably be flooded. 

---