Financial arrangements

The second kind of insurance products that stimulate adaptation is based on the availability of capital to cope with catastrophes. These are financial arrangements intended to bring needed capital that will reduce the risk that could derive from future climate-related hazards for those who are most likely to be in peril. These products can be defined as adaptation oriented because they help to build the capacity of nations, communities, and businesses to cope with climate change impacts. 

According to the vendor, pricing is relative to factors including the size of the job and the nature of the treatment as well as the financial arrangements, whether they be lump sum, cost plus, or other (personal communication John T. Corcia, Stablex, 1997). 

These financial arrangements may skew research in ways that help in marketing products but not in identifying the best prescription drugs for patients. 

An appropriate networking system, and contractual, operational and financial arrangements will be required in order to optimise the entire energy supply system. Some of these arrangements, while feasible and potentially lucrative, are deemed too risky under the current conditions. 

Certification that no financial arrangements have been made with an investigator where by the study outcome could affect compensation, that the investigator has no proprietary interest in the product of interest, that the investigator does not have a significant equity interest in the study and that there were no significant payments. 

Disclosure of financial arrangements and steps to minimize the potential bias on the study of interest. 

These new technologies were also extremely expensive, however, and soon the need for capital to take advantage of them spurred innovative financial arrangements that drew in merchants and princes as investors. 

PBM companies have used the purchasing power of the unsophisticated plan sponsor to negotiate preferred financial arrangements with drug manufacturers and pharmacy providers, and have now refocused the services intended to provide certain value decisions before paying for the products to actually promohng the products more profitable to the PBM. 

Medium and minor players will typically have an exploitable intellectual property base from which they are developing or seeking to establish themselves chiral compounds are often the only products offered. However, as potential commercial suppliers at scale, they will be dependent on subcontracted production, including alliances with larger companies with available production capacity or significant capital investment. Examples are Synthon Corporation, which makes C4 synthons from carbohydrate raw materials, and Oxford Asymmetry, which exploits S. Davies work and patents and is in alliance with Cambrex. Customers will need to assess the adequacy of financial arrangements and/or the suitability of the chosen production partner. 

Provision for indemnity or compensation in the event of injury or death of subjects attributable to the clinical trial, and for insurance or indemnity to cover liability of the investigator and sponsor must be described. The financial arrangements for rewarding or compensating investigators and trial subjects and relevant aspects between the sponsor and site and arrangements for recruiting subjects are to be documented. 

The objective of this chapter is to study how the risks specific to a nuclear power investment in liberalized markets can be mitigated, how they can be allocated to the different stakeholders, and what financial arrangements are consistent with the alternative allocations of the construction, and operating and market risks. 

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