Polymers fillers for

Report 141 Particulate Fillers for Polymers, Professor R.N. Rothon, Rothon Consultants and Manchester Metropolitan University. 

Carbon black, which was produced by the smoke-impingement process by the Chinese over 1000 years ago, is now the most widely used filler for polymers. Much of the 1.5 million tons produced annually is used for the reinforcement of elastomers. Furnace carbon black is the most widely used carbon black. 

Dando, N.R., Clever, T.R., Pearson, A., Stinson, J.M., Kolok, P.L., and Martin, E.S., Aluminum trihydroxide (ATH) as a filler for polymer composites Improvements in thermal stability by controlled precipitation, Proceedings from 50th Annual Technical Conference, Composite Institute, Society of Plastics Industry Inc., Washington D.C., Session 1-D, 1995, pp. 1—4. 

Table 4. Long-lived radioactive nuclides produced by neutron irradiation in inorganic fillers for polymer composites...

The recovered glassfiber-resin powder was tested as a filler for polymer mortars[3]. The mortars were composed of filler, silica sand and binder, dried for one day, and cured at 70°C for 15 hrs. A glassfiber-resin powder and a calcium carbonate powder for comparison (each with an average size of 52 // m) were used as fillers. Bisphenol F type epoxy resin, poly methacrylic methyl (PMMA), and unsaturated polyester (UP) were used as binders. 

As Figure 5 shows, the strength properties with the glassfiber-resin powder were nearly equivalent to that produced by addition of the calcium carbonate and proved to be satisfactory for the use as a filler for polymer mortars. 

Although bulk silicon(IV) oxide is not chlorinated by phosgene, it does slowly chlorinate the surface [866]. This phenomenon has been used to chlorinate the surfaces of chrysotile asbestos and nonexpanded vermiculite for grafting to polystyrene for use as a filler for polymers and elastomers [1383,1384]. Moreover, in the presence of aluminium(III) chloride, phosgene will convert silica gel into silicon(IV) chloride at between 400 and 700 C [208a,208b]. 

Rothon, R. N. (2002). Particulate Filler for Polymers, 12(9), RAPRA Report 141, Shrewsbury, United Kingdom. 

The grafting of organic and inorganic compounds and of metalloorgan-ic complexes onto the surface of amorphous silica is a subject of intense research in the former Soviet Union. As is well known, modified silicas are widely used in sorption, catalysis, and chromatography, as fillers for polymers, and as thickening agents in dispersed media. 

Fillers may be divided into particulate and fibrous types. Particulates include calcium carbonate, china clay, talc and barium sulphate. Fillers affect shrinkage on moulding and the dimensional stability of the finished plastic, increase tensile strength and hardness, enhance electrical insulation properties and reduce tackiness. They also impart opacity and colour (Figure 3.16). Carbon black is now the most widely used filler for polymers usually in the form of furnace carbon black, which has a particle diameter of 0.08 mm. Fibrous fillers reinforce polymers and greatly increase their tensile strengths. They include fibres of glass, textile and carbon. Plastics filled with fibrous fillers are known as composites. 

Uses Filler for polymers for aerospace (ablative barrier coatings, syntactic foam core materials, airframe composites), electronics (lifting compds.), medicine, recreation (tennis racquets, bowling and golf balls, high tech bicycles), military, and manufacturing applies. 

Uses Extender/filler for polymers and barrier coatings Trade Names Eccosphere IG-101 Eccosphere IGD-101... 

CARBOXY-ORGANOSILICAS - CHEMICALLY ACTIVE FILLERS FOR POLYMERS. COMMUNICATION . SYNTHESIS AND ADSORPTION PROPERTIES OF CARBOXY-ORGANOSILICAS AND THE REINFORCEMENT OF VINYLPYRIDINE RUBBER. 

The structure of this chapter is as follows. Section 3.2 describes the fabrication of ID quasi-aligned AIN nanowhiskers by CS process. Section 3.3 illustrates the application of the as-synthesized AIN nanowhiskers as inorganic fillers for polymer-matrix packaging materials. Sections 3.4 and 3.5 show the growth of 3D flower-like AIN by CS assisted with mechanical activation (MA) and CS of AIN porous-shell hollow spheres, respectively. 

CNT are an attractive reinforcing and conducting filler for polymers due to their exceptional mechanical properties, high aspect ratio and excellent electrical conductivity. In summary ... 

Fillers are mainly used for reasons of economy, but in many cases they also improve some properties of the polymer. The most important fillers for polymers are minerals such as talc, chalk and china clay. Filler content generally used with plastics is up to 60 wt%. The most common practice is to feed the filler downstream into the melt by means of a twin-screw side feeder (Figure 6.3). It is well-known that thermoplastic melts with high loadings of small particles such as calcium carbonate, carbon black and titanium dioxide give both yield values in shear flow [58, 59], and uniaxial extension [60, 61]. 

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