Filler epoxy nanocomposites

Figure 2.10. (a) Flexural strength and (b) modulus of epoxy nanocomposites as a function of increasing the filler fraction. Reproduced from reference 48 with permission from Elsevier. 

Tseng et al. (51) reported the epoxy nanocomposites in which the nanotubes were functionalized by maleic anhydride by using plasma treatment. The thermal decomposition temperature was reported to increase with increasing the extent of the nanotubes in the composites as shown in Figure 2.16a. Untreated nanotubes were also used to reinforce the polymer and the increase in the decomposition temperature was also observed in this system as a function of filler content, but the enhancement was more significant using the functionalized nanotubes. This was attributed to... 

Figure 2.16. Enhancement of (a) decomposition temperature as well as (b) glass transition temperature as a function of filler content in epoxy nanocomposites. Reproduced from reference 51 with permission from American Chemical Society.

The Vickers hardness test is one of the most common techniques for hardness measmements [50,57,64,67,82,88]. In this method the hardness values are obtained by dividing the indentation force by the residual area after the indentation [67]. Hardness measurements of oxidized NDs/epoxy nanocomposites increased sharply by increasing the filler content to 0.4 wt%, showing a 86% enhancement of this property compared to that of the pure epoxy. Furthermore, Figure 10.18 shows that a higher increase of oxidized NDs improved the hardness to a lower extent [50]. The distortion... 

Figure 6.1 Schematic comparison of a macrocomposite containing 1 pmx25 pm fibres in an amorphous matrix to that of a nanocomposite at the same volume fraction of filler, but containing 1 nmx25 nm fibres. Constituents in any composite the matrix (white), the reinforcement (fibre, red) and the so-called interfacial region (green). Scanning electron micrograph shows E-glass reinforced polyolefin (15 mm) and transmission electron micrograph shows montmorillanite-epoxy nanocomposite (1 nm thick layers)." ...

Yang, K., Gu, M. The Effects of triethylenetetramine grafting of multi-walled carbon nanotubes on its dispersion, filler-matrix interfacial interaction and the thermal properties of epoxy nanocomposites. Polym. Eng. Sci. 49, 2158-2167 (2009)... 

A. Mirmohseni, S. Zavareh, Preparation and characterization of an epoxy nanocomposite toughened by a combination of thermoplastic, layered and particulate nano-fillers. Materials and Design 31 (6) (2010) 2699-2706. 

Dorigato A et al (2013) Electrically conductive epoxy nanocomposites containing carbonaceous fillers and in-situ generated silver nanoparticles. Express Polym Lett 7(8) 673... 

As mentioned above that high resolution TGA was used to check the purity of the filler so that no local bilayer of the excess surface modification molecules is present in the filler. The commercially treated fillers, however, are often observed to contain an excess of surface modification molecules [16]. This excess can lead to unwanted interactions with the epoxy prepolymer or can thermally degrade at lower temperatures when composites are subjected to higher temperatures thus, the presence of such excess amount is not required. In order to underline the effect of the excess surface modification molecules on the filler surface on the composite properties, epoxy nanocomposites with a number of commercially pro-... 

Figure 8.16 Relative oxygen permeation and water vapor transmission through the epoxy nanocomposites (montmorillonite filler) as a function of filler volume fraction [13].

Fig. 13.2 Electrical conductivity (s) of the (a) PET/MWNT and (b) RG-O/epoxy nanocomposites as a function of MWNT and graphene loading. Inset a log-log plot of electrical conductivity vs. reduced MWNTand graphene loading. The solid lines are fits to a power law dependence of electrical conductivity on the reduced fillers loading (13.1) ((a) Reprinted with permission from Hu et al. (2006), Copyright 2006 Elsevier (b) reprinted with permission from Potts et al. (2011), Copyright 2011 Elsevier)...

Maul P. Barrier enhancements using additives, in fillers, pigments and additives for plastics in packaging applications. Pira Int Conf, Belgium, 5-6 December 2005. Carrasco F, Pages P. Thermal degradation and stability of epoxy nanocomposites Influence of montmorillonite content and cure temperature. Polym Deg Stab 2008 98 1000-1007. 

Hsueh and Chen reported the preparation of a LDH-epoxy nanocomposite by standard in situ polymerization. They synthesized an aminolaurate-modified LDH by the coprecipitation method at a constant pH. The clay (filler content 3 to 7 wt%) was swelled in DGEBA at 55°C for 3 h mixed 2 h at room temperature with the curing agent, a commercial polyoxypropylene diamine (Jeffamine D400, Huntsman Corp.) and cured at 75°C for 3 h and 135°C for an additional 3 h. XRD patterns showed that during the swelling the [Pg.256]

K. Yang and M. Gu, "Enhanced thermal conductivity of epoxy nanocomposites filled with hybrid filler system of triethylenetetramine-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube/silane-modified nano-sized silicon carbide," Composites Part A, vol. 41, pp. 215-221,2010. 

Amino-functionalized CNTs were employed in epoxy-based nanocomposites in order to improve the compatibility between matrix and filler [254, 260], as they can covalently bond to the epoxy resins [261]. Their behavior toward UV radiation and moisture was compared to untreated CNTs-filled epoxy nanocomposites. Despite the improved dispersion of modified CNTs, the epoxy matrix was less homogenous due, probably, to a higher amount of oligomers resulted from the degradation reactions. The cracks formation was evidenced by SEM images which also revealed CNTs aggregates on the samples surface, as well as inside cracks. 

Becker O, Simon GP (2006) Epoxy nanocomposites based on layered silicates and other nanostructured fillers. In Mai YW, Yu ZZ (eds) Polymer nanocomposites. Woodhead, Cambridge, p 594 Beyer G (2002) Carbon nanotubes as flame retardants for polymers. Fire Mater 26 291... 

Epoxy nanocomposites based on layered silicates and other nanostructured fillers... 

---