File server computer

It is always risky to keep only one copy of a document. If computer generated, you can easily make another copy provided you always save it, but if manually generated, its loss can be very costly. It is therefore prudent to produce additional copies of critical records as an insurance against inadvertent loss. These insurance copies should be stored in a remote location under the control of the same authority that controls the original records. Insurance copies of computer disks should also be kept in case of problems with the hard disk or file server, if you use one. 

Data backup and restore Active data are periodically copied from the hard drive or the personal computer controlling the instrument to a suitable medium such as CD-ROM or DVD or to a separate location such as a controlled file server. 

Various protocols are available for importing data from a remote computer to your PC. The simplest and most elegant way to perform this task is to use cither NFS (Network File Server) or FTP (File Transfer Protocol). An example of how NFS and FTP may be used within a local network, including the conversion of the corresponding data format into the WINNMR format, is outlined in section 2.7.2. 

Communication of text and graphics files between computers using World-Wide-Webb (WWW) servers. UNIX, PC, and Macintosh versions available via NCSA anonymous ftp from ftp.ncsa.uiuc.edu (141.142.20.50). Alternative anonymous ftp sources for Mosaic include sunsite.unc.edu (all versions), ftp.sunet.se (all versions), and ftp.Iuth.se (Macintosh version). Alvis (Alpha Shape Visualizer) for construction and rendering of objects from x,y,z coordinates in 3D space. Poly view for graphics rendering. Silicon Graphics. 

Resource management. This covers the computational and network realities that the workflow must deal with. Data reside in databases and on file servers with their individual networking and security considerations. Similarly, the invocation of an application that is needed to complete a workflow may have specific network requirements. To be useful in a typical organizational network environment, the workflow engine has to maintain information about network locations and network users, plus have the ability to utilize these data in the way that is expected by users and administrators. 

Once the machines on a network have been connected to one another, there needs to be an unambiguous way to specify a single computer so that messages and files actually find their intended recipient. To accomplish this, all machines directly connected to the Internet have an IP number. IP addresses are unique, identifying one and only one machine. The IP address is made up of four numbers separated by periods for example, the IP address for the main file server at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) is... 

Server Software which can be invoked through a request for a service (from a so-called client) and which is dedicated to providing that service, for example a file server which provides file storage and access services. This term is often used for the computer system which provides the service, but, in fact, a server and client can be two distinct pieces of software residing on the same physical computer system. 

Important data should be loaded on the file server first, then downloaded to the target computer. 

The CD-ROM drive is the most delicate component in the computer. When a drive becomes contaminated it will not only destroy itself, it will totally destroy the CD placed in it. Do not put software distribution CDs in the target computer. All updates should be done through the file server (which should be in a clean room and get regular use). We recommend that CD-ROM drives be removed from, or never installed on machines located in production facilities. Map the file server s CD-ROM for all CD access. 

There are some RPC servers running on Internet hosts which accept client requests to perform chemical computation services. This access path is typically much faster than offering similar services for example via the WWW, but locally installed software which speaks the RPC protocol of the application is necessary. An example of client-server computing for chemical applications using RPC is shown in Figure 1. Here a molecule editor (part of the CACTVS package ) acts as a client to a 3D-coordinate generation server if the output structure file is a 3D format. 

A summary block diagram of the laboratory computer network, as it pertains to the study, is shown in Figure 1. Patient samples are received in a reception area where they are given a unique laboratory reference number before they are prepared for analysis. Patient demographic and test details are entered into one of three terminals (DE) which are connected to a file server running the database and the network programs. 

The file server (FS) is connected to a number of work-stations (WS), which are bilaterally interfaced to computers (AC) which in turn control large capacity (7000 tests/hr) analysers (A). Patient details including test request codes are transferred electronically from the work-stations to the analysers which perform the analyses required along with quality control checks before returning validated results back via the work-station and on to the file server hard disk (EHD). Further quality and validity checks are performed before test results are printed on hard copy for dispatch to clinical staff. The data is finally archived, A distinguishing feature of this system is the flexibility of retrieval and processing of stored data. 

In the following sections, examples of the application of FMECA and HAZOP to two functional components will be described. The first component involves sample handling, the second the performance of the computer system file server. 

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