Fields of Proteomic Research

Figure 4.3. Fields of proteomic research. Proteomic research can be classified into six general research fields. Proteomic mapping and proteomic profiling constitute the first tier of proteomic analysis based upon identification and quantitation of proteins within a defined space of interest that can range from the entire organism to the protein level. The second tier of proteomic analyses is shown below involving global characterization of structure, function, posttranslational modifications, and association with other proteins (or other biochemical components).

Two-dimensional BAC/SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis has been established as further tool in the field of proteome research, especially regarding the separation and analysis of membrane proteins. It is by far more efficient in resolving membrane proteins than common 2-DE and furthermore can be utilized in a complementary way to one-dimensional SDS-PAGE. Therefore, among other techniques, future proteome studies focussing on membrane proteins should include 2-DB as well. 

D) polyacrylamide gels. These types of experiments have been performed for more than twenty years to build databases of proteins expressed from certain cell or tissue types (Anderson and Anderson, 1996 O Farrell, 1975). Although this remains an important component of proteomics research, the field has expanded due to the development of additional technologies. Proteomics can be broadly divided into two areas of research (i) protein expression mapping, and (ii) protein interaction mapping. 

Little is known about the molecular mechanisms and complexity converting psychosocial stress into cellular dysfunction in the brain, endocrine, and immune systems. How ordinary and sustained maladapted psychosocial stressors, chronic stress, and an unhealthy lifestyle activate and exert an influence on the biochemistry of the neuro-endocrine-immune axes with implications for future health or disease, is an upcoming innovative research field due to the new and emerging fields of proteomics, metabonomics, and biochip technologies. 

The marriage of HPLC to mass spectrometry (MS), now developed into a mature instrumentation, continues to greatly impact many of the separation sciences, especially in pharmaceutical analysis where it has been used in new drug discovery [23,24] and in drug metabolite identification [25-27]. HPLC-MS has also made an impact on lipid research, providing a convenient approach to the analysis of phospholipids and fatty acids [28,29]. It has also greatly benefited the field of proteomics [30-34], especially analysis of protein structure and function. 

Other useful addresses, especially in the context of research on allergens in the fields of proteomics and genomics, are the databases on sequences of nucleotides corresponding to particular proteins or epitopes, e.g., The EMBL Nucleotide Sequence Database—http //www.ebi.ac.uk/embl/Access/, or the Protein and Nucleotide Database Group (PANDA)—http //www.ebi.ac.uk/panda/ or the database Ensembl— http //www.ensembl.org/index.html, http //www.ebi.ac.uk/ensembl/. 

The text should prove valuable to researchers and technologists in organic and biochemistry, especially in the new emerging fields of proteomics and nanotechnology. The future of these vibrant fields with endless possibilities is bright indeed. 

Proteomics is an emerging field of intensive research in the post-genomic era that involves the global analysis of gene expression, including identification, quantification, and characterization of proteins [114,115]. Although proteins are a translated version of genes, the complexity of proteins is enormous. As many as 1 milhon proteins can exist in the proteome. An estimated 20,000 proteins are expressed in a particular type of cells at any time. All proteins do not... 

It is clear that the databases described above do not cover all the aspects of interest for proteomics researchers. There are databases that use the sequence databases to perform calculation and analysis, such as sequence clustering, phylogeny, or profile searching, and thus create added-value databases. Other databases report results from functional studies and mutational experiments, or from 3-D structure determination, or describe metabolic pathways. Although it is impossible to list them all here, it is of interest to know that they exist. Some of them are permanently updated, some of them have only a short existence, some of them are not publicly available. The existence of databases in proteomics is following a dynamic and continuously developing model, and simply reflects the dramatic evolution the field of proteomics is witnessing. 

Dr Matthew S. Bogyo of Stanford University, an expert in the field of proteomics, has had a firsthand view of the world of industrial research as a consultant and as a manager himself. He believes that this kind of interdisciplinary learning is one of the primary benefits of the project team, especially at big companies. 

Field of nutritional research that examines the effect of genetic variations on the interaction between diet and disease Field of nutritional research that focuses on the effect of nutrients on the genome, proteome, and metabolome Genetic Terms... 

Polymer microchips are expected to conhibute strongly in biological analysis in the postgenome era, especially in the field of proteomics. Considerable research has already focused on separations, the use of new materials, and transferring conventional analysis methods to a microchip platform, but more work remains to be done to enable the exploitation of the full potential of plastic microdevices. In particular, the use of conventional device-bonding techniques has limited the broad application of polymer microchips. 

The field of proteomics is growing rapidly and offers exciting new careers in research for individuals with bachelor s through doctoral degrees. Careers in the field can be as diverse as medical doctors, doctorate-level researchers, and laboratory technicians. The number of laboratories that conduct protein research and therapeutics is growing rapidly, and funding for this type of research is expanding. 

With the coupling of advanced instrumentation and new technologies and informatics tools, the field of proteomics has great potential in disease detection, drug development, and basic research on proteins. 

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