Analysis, biological

The formation of methyl- (MTH) or phenylthiohydantoin (PTH) amino acids is a valuable technique for sequencing of amino acids in peptides and proteins by the Edman degradation procedure [1], HPLC is very useful for the separation of MTH- or PTH-amino acids as adsorption [2,3], reversed-phase [4] and ion-exchange [S] chromatography. 

Method. 1.5 jzmoles of peptide or amino acid are dissolved in 1 ml of 60% aqueous pyridine containing 15 mg of methyl isothiocyanate (M1TC) or phenyl isothiocyanate 

PTH-amino acids may be separated with a liquid-solid adsorption system consisting of small-particle silica gel (particle diameter, 5 pm) in a 50-cm column eluted with methylene chloride-dimethyl sulfoxide-rerr.-butanol in various ratios. The separation of a number of PTH-amino acids on Merkosorb SI-60 (5 pm) with methylene chloride-dimethyl sulfoxide-rerr.-butanol (125 0.1 1.0) is illustrated in Fig.4.3. Absorption is measured at 260 nm. Amounts of less than 1 nmole of each amino acid derivative can be 

Reversed-phase separation [6] of polar and non-polar PTH-amino acids may be accomplished using Corasil-Cig bonded phase packing (particle diameter, 37-50 jum) and eluting with water-acetonitrile-isopropanol (100 1.5 1). An example of the reversed-phase separation of sixteen PTH-amino acids is given in Fig.4.4. The limit of detection of 

The post-column derivatization of amino acids by the ninhydrin technique is a well known method for routine analysis of amino acids [7-9]. The amino acids are usually separated by ion-exchange chromatography and then converted into UV-absorbing derivatives for quantitation. The ninhydrin reaction is often used for TLC detection of amino acids and proteins. 

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The neutrons in a research reactor can be used for many types of scientific studies, including basic physics, radiological effects, fundamental biology, analysis of trace elements, material damage, and treatment of disease. Neutrons can also be dedicated to the production of nuclear weapons materials such as plutonium-239 from uranium-238 and tritium, H, from lithium-6. Alternatively, neutrons can be used to produce radioisotopes for medical diagnosis and treatment, for gamma irradiation sources, or for heat energy sources in space. 

API Recommended Practice 38, Third Edition Recommended Practice for Biological Analysis of Subsurface Injection Waters, March 1982. 

Lichtenberg, D., and Barenholz, Y. (1988). Liposomes Preparation, characterization and preservation, in Methods of Biological Analysis. Vol. 33 (D Glick, ed.), John Wiley and Sons, New York, pp. 337-461. 

Microfluidic Lab-on-a-Chip for Chemical and Biological Analysis and Discovery, Paul C.H. Li... 

S. D. Siciliano and J. J. Germida, Biolog analysis and fatly acid methyl ester profiles indicate that pseudormonad inoculants that promote phytoremediation alter the root-as.sociated microbial community of Bromus hiehersteinii. Soil Biol. Biochem. 30 1717 (1998). 

FUNDAMENTALS OF COMPLEX BIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS 13.3.1 Whole-Cell MALDI-FTMS Analysis... 

Awad R, Amason JT, Trudeau V, et al. Phytochemical and biological analysis of skullcap (Scutellaria lateriflora L.) a medicinal plant with anxiolytic properties. Phytomedicine 2003 10 640-649. 

Gijs, M.A.M., Lacharme, F. and Lehmann, U. (2010) Microfluidic applications of magnetic particles for biological analysis and catalysis. Chemical Reviews, 110 (3), 1518-1563. 

Epstein, H.F. and Shakes, D.C. (1995) Caenorhabditis elegans Modem Biological Analysis of an Organism. Academic Press, San Diego, California, 659 pp. 

Vo-Dinh T., SERS chemical sensors and biosensors New tools for environmental and biological analysis, Sensors Actuators B, 1995 B 29 183-189. 

Hansen PD, Blasco J, de Vails A et al (2007) Biological analysis (bioassays, biomarkers, biosensors). In Barcelo D, Petrovic M (eds) Sustainable management of sediment resources. Sediment quality and impact assessment of pollutants. Elsevier Publishers, Amsterdam... 

O. Schmitz, G. Boison, R. Hilscher, B. Hundeshagen, W. Zimmer, F. Lottspeich, H. Bothe (1995) Molecular biological analysis of a bidirectional hydrogenase from cyanobacteria. European Journal of Biochemistry, 233 266-276... 

The principles and applications of atomic absorption spectroscopy to clinical and biological analysis have been reviewed by several authors 279-286) and automation in the analysis has been reviewed 28 ). 

In the past decade, several novel solvent-based microextraction techniques have been developed and applied to environmental and biological analysis. Notable approaches are single-drop microextraction,147 small volume extraction in levitated drops,148 flow injection extraction,149 150 and microporous membrane- or supported liquid membrane-based two- or three-phase microextraction.125 151-153 The two- and three-phase microextraction techniques utilizing supported liquid membranes deposited in the pores of hollow fiber membranes are the most explored for analytes of wide ranging polarities in biomatrices. This discussion will be limited to these protocols. 

Local thickness variations in a thin specimen complicate the quantitative analysis of a single element in the absence of precise knowledge of specimen thickness and without the ability to compare the measured x-ray intensities with those of thin standards. To avoid this difficulty, the x-ray intensity for the element of interest can be divided either by the intensity of a region of background between peaks as in the Hall method[8], or by the intensity from another element as in the Cliff-Lorimer method[9]. The former is largely used for biological analysis while the latter has become the standard thin specimen microanalysis method for materials science applications. The Cliff-Lorimer method is expressed in the following equation ... 

Demonstrating sample collections methods for chemical and biological analysis... 

Perkin Ebner Inc. [Online], An Introduction to Fluorescence in Biological Analysis, available http //las.perkinelmer. com/content/manuals/gde fluorescencebiologicalanalysis.pdf accessed 20 November 2009. 

Thilly WG, Longwell J, Andon BM. 1983. General approach to the biological analysis of complex mixtures. Environ Health Perspect 48 129-136. 

After hydrogeological, chemical, and biological analysis of the subsurface is complete and parameters are known, a network of plastic tubing is injected in the contaminated plume and microbes are injected to destroy the contaminants. An impermeable vertical barrier or lining is installed with a vibratory hammer and insertion plate to maintain hydrogeologic control. The technology is capable of reaching depths of up to 100 ft. 

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