Fields, Arthur

Arthur Kohl andRichard Nielsen With its practical process and equipment design descriptions, this is the most complete, authoritative engineering treatment of gas and dehydration purification processes available. This new edition covers all the noteworthy advances in the field. 

Although our original plans were to conduct the field experiments in the open waters of Arthur Harbor, Anvers Island,... 

A.S. Felsot, R.G. Evans, and J.R. Ruppert, Field studies of imidacloprid distribution following application to soil through a drip irrigation system , in Terrestrial Field Dissipation Studies Design, Interpretation and Purpose, ed. E.L. Arthur, V.E. Clay, and A. Barefoot, ACS Symposium Series No. 842, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC (2003). 

Arthur L. Weber (1998), now working at the Seti Institute of the Ames Research Center at Moffett Field, reports the successful synthesis of amino acid thioesters from formose substrates (formaldehyde and glycolaldehyde) and ammonia synthesis of alanine and homoserine was possible when thiol catalysts were added to the reaction mixture. On the basis of his experimental results, Weber (1998) suggests the process shown in Fig. 7.10 to be a general prebiotic route to amino acid thioesters. 

Currently there are few insecticides registered as surface treatments to control stored-product insects. For years the organophosphate insecticide malathion was used as a surface treatment for structural facilities, but stored-product insects throughout the world have developed extensive resistance to malathion (Subramanyam and Hagstrum, 1996). Most of the resistance reports were generated from studies with bulk grains, but in the United States, resistance has been documented for field populations of the red flour beetle, T. castaneum (Herbst), and the confused flour beetle, T. confusum (DuVal), collected from flour mills (Arthur and Zettler, 1991, 1992 Zettler, 1991). Populations of the Indianmeal moth, the almond moth, and the red flour beetle collected from bulk peanuts and empty warehouses were also highly resistant to malathion (Arthur et al., 1988 Halliday et al., 1988). 

The support of colleagues Arthur Wilson in polyimide processing and helpful discussions, and Qiarles Baker in preparation and application of the sodium lauryl sulfate controlled contamination solutions is gratefully acknowledged. Mary Mayfield and James Field assisted in the processing of the samples, and Ronald Huff made some of the electrical measurements. Their careful work is much appreciated. 

Tolle, D. A., Arthur, M. F. Van Voris, P. 1983. Microcosm/field comparison of trace element uptake in crops grown in fly ash-amended soil. Ecological effects of soil amended with waste products. Science of the Total Environment, 31, 243-261. 

Solid-phase microextraction (SPME), a new solvent-free sample preparation technique, was invented by C. Arthur and J. Pawliszyn in 1990. This method was mainly applied for the extraction of volatile and semivolatile organic pollutants in water samples. However, since 1995, SPME has been developed to various biological samples, such as whole blood, plasma, urine, hair, and breath, in order to extract drags and poisons in forensic field. The main advantages of SPME are high sensitivity, solventless, small sample volume, simplicity, and rapidity (Liu et al., 1998). 

The evaluation of diffusion samplers reported in this paper was initiated as an internal project at Arthur D. Little, Inc., to develop for ourselves a base of data which would help us to judge the utility of diffusion samplers in our work. Diffusion samplers were purchased from the two firms active in the marketplace when the field study began (early 1979), Abcor and 3M. A program was devised wherein, during each of approximately 50 surveys being undertaken in plastic fabrication plants, four to six diffusion samplers would be exposed, each adjacent to a charcoal tube personal sample. At the conclusion of the field sampling, a data base of over 100 pairs of samples (each pair including a diffusion sample and a charcoal tube sample) had been compiled for each of the two diffusion samplers. 

Before we come to grips with current problems in the field, it seems appropriate to close this section on an historical note. If any one individual should be singled out as the father of stereoselectivity, that man should be Arthur Michael (1895). It was he who pointed out that 1,2-eliminations (or additions) are favored when groups depart (or arrive) in the anti sense. 

For cryogenics, vapor boxes may be more effective. Wind tunnel data indicate that vapor boxes have the potential to reduce near-field concentrations by a factor of 4 to 15 (Arthur D. Little, Inc., 1974). Additionally, far-field concentrations are lowered by the reduction in the rate the gas is discharged from the vapor box. This downwind reduction, when compared to a no-vapor-box case, can vary by a factor of 1 to 4. The degree of reduction is dependent on the release rate, the duration of the release, and the volume of the vapor box. 

Arthur Humphrey If you lump all of the B.S. students who go into medicine, veterinary science, and dental science, and add all of those going into the health care, pharmaceutical, food, and agricultural-based industries, you get up to almost 25% of the chemical engineering profession. You have to define food and agriculture on a very broad base. My own concept is that this field is probably going to utilize 25 to 30% of the chemical engineers when it reaches an equilibrium. 

In England, the cause was supported by men like Francis Anthony, Robert Fludd and John Dee s son Arthur. The Royal Society of Physicians made a point of persecuting anyone suspected of Paracelsian sympathies (both Anthony and Fludd clashed with the Society). Other names in this field include John French (fl. 1640s), Thomas Thymme (d. 1620), who knew John Dee and translated Duchesne into English, and Nicholas Culpepper (1616—1654), the celebrated herbalist. 

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