Michael, Arthur

Michael Arthur and Kathy Kram (quoted in Herriot (1992)), drawing on the theory of others, suggest that we go through three stages. 

Arthur Michael for whom the reaction is named was an American chemist whose career spanned the period between the 1870s and the 1930s He was independently wealthy and did much of his research in his own private laboratory... 

NEAL R. AMUNDSON Chairman), University of Houston EDWARD A. MASON Vice-Chairman), Amoco Corporation JAMES WEI Vice-Chairman), Massachusetts Institute of Technology MICHAEL L. BARRY, Vitelic Corporation ALEXIS T. BELL, University of California, Berkeley KENNETH B. BISCHOFF, University of Delaware HERBERT D. DOAN, Doan Associates ELISABETH M. DRAKE, Arthur D. Little, Inc. 

Abraham, Lyndy. "Arthur Dee s Hieroglyph." In Deviceful settings the English Renaissance emblem and its contexts, eds. Michael Bath and Daniel Russell. New York AMS Press, 1999. 

The authors thank Drs Shawn Hochman and David Weinshenker for their insightful comments and expertise that contributed to this work. Special thanks to our close colleagues Drs Glenda Keating and Michael Decker, who contributed much to the body of this work. Dr Rye is supported by USPHS grants NS-36977, NS-40221, and NS-43374, and the Restless Legs Syndrome and Arthur L. Williams Jr. Foundations. 

Dennis, David T., Thomas V. Inglesby, Donald A. Henderson, John G. Bartlett, Michael S. Ascher, Edward Eitzen, Anne D. Fine, Arthur M. Friedlander, Jerome Hauer, Marcelle Layton, Scott R. Lillibridge, Joseph E. McDade, Michael T. Osterholm, Tara O Toole, Gerald Parker, Trish M. Perl, Philip K. Russell, and Kevin Tonat. "Tularemia as a Biological Weapon Medical and Public Health Management." Journal of the American Medical Association 285 (2001) 2763-773. 

JAMES F. CAMPBELL, FRANK H. ARTHUR, AND MICHAEL A. MULLEN... 

In the Name of God, in the power of holy Michael the Archangel and in memory of Arthur the King. Amen, Selah, Amen. ... 

An accessory proposal was Arthur Michael s hypothesis that many reactions proceed by addition, for example, a polymerization of acetaldehyde (CH3CH = O) in the presence of bases (OH) to an aldol (CH3CHOHCH2CHO), with subsequent loss of water to form crotonaldehyde (CH3CH = CHCHO). Michael, educated in America, Germany, and France, made use of Kekule s idea that two molecules may form a "polymolecule" or molecular compound, which, in turn breaks up to yield the final products.33 Lachman expressed fairly standard misgivings about this proposal of an intermediary and transition form "If we are going to explain reactions by means of addition products which we do not or cannot isolate, our explanation loses its definiteness. It becomes simply a possible explanation, and its conclusions are by no means binding."34... 

Arthur Michael (18531942) is a subject of discussion in D. Stanley Tarbell, "Organic Chemistry The Past 100 Years," CENews 54 (1976) 110123, on 111112. 

Samuel Morton, Crania Americana A Comparative View of the Skulls of Various Aboriginal Natives of North and South America, to which Is Prefixed an Essay on the Variety of Human Species (Philadelphia J. Dobson, 1839), p. 5 Arthur Comte de Gobineau, The Moral and Intellectual Diversity of Races with Particular Reference to Their Respective Influence on the Civil and Political History of Mankind (Philadelphia Lippincott, 1856), p. 439 Arthur Comte de Gobineau, Essay on the Inequality of Human Races, in Michael Bediss, ed., Selected Political Writings (New York Harper and Row, 1970), p. 136. 

Michael, A. J. Prakt. Chem. 1887, 35, 349. Arthur Michael (1853-1942) was horn in Buffalo, New York. He studied under Robert Bunsen, August Hofmann, Adolphe Wurtz, and Dimitri Mendeleev, but never bothered to take a degree. Back to the United States, Michael became a Professor of Chemistry at Tufts University, where he married one of his most brilliant students, Helen Abbott, one of the few women organic chemists in this period. Since he failed miserably as an administrator, Michael and his wife set up their own private laboratory at Newton Center, Massachusetts, where the Michael addition was discovered. 

Rabideau, Peter W., 42 Rabjohn, Norman, 5, 24 Rathke, Michael W., 22 Raulins, N. Rebecca, 22 Raynolds, Peter W., 45 Reed, Josephine W., 41 Reich, Hans J., 44 Reinhold, Tracy L., 44 Reitz, Allen B., 59 Rhoads, Sara Jane, 22 Rickborn, Bruce, 52, 53 Rigby, James H., 49, 51 Rinehart, Kenneth L., Jr., 17 Ripka, W. C., 21 Riva, Renata, 65 Roberts, John D., 12 Rodriguez, Alain L., 58 Rodriguez, Herman R., 26 Roe, Arthur. 5... 

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