Field amplification effect

We expect an efficient a — Q-dynamo to be at work in the merger remnant. The differential rotation will wind up initial poloidal into a strong toroidal field ( Q-effect ), the fluid instabilities/convection will transform toroidal fields into poloidal ones and vice versa ( a—effect ). Usually, the Rossby number, Ro = is adopted as a measure of the efficiency of dynamo action in a star. In the central object we find Rossby numbers well below unity, 0.4, and therefore expect an efficient amplification of initial seed magnetic fields. A convective dynamo amplifies initial fields exponentially with an e-folding time given approximately by the convective overturn time, rc ss 3 ms the saturation field strength is thereby independent of the initial seed field (Nordlund et al. 1992). 

Abstract These notes present the physics of gravitational lensing in various cosmological contexts. The equations and approximations that are commonly used to describe the displacement field or the amplification effects are presented. Several observational applications are discussed. They range from micro-lensing effects to cosmic shear detection that is a weak lensing effect induced by the large-scale structure of the Universe. The scientific perspectives of this latter application are presented in some details. 

Because of the square dependence of the relaxation rate on the electric field gradient tensor invariant minor alterations of valence electron symmetry may give rise to sizeable relaxation differentials. Thanks to this amplification effect the binding of ions can be studied at low substrate concentration provided that the resulting complex is kinetically labile. The relaxation rate thus emerges as a complementary experimental observable, at least as informative as the chemical shift. 

Several authors have underlined the role of the size dependence of the local field factor on the nonlinear response. An increase of the x value with R has been reported for radii up to 20 nm, attributed to the increase of / [152, 154, 167-170]. Whereas in this small size domain the dipolar approximation holds, field retardation effects and multipolar terms in the polarization cannot be neglected for larger particles [18]. The SPR resonance is then increasingly red-shifted, damped and broadened as R increases above few tens of nanometres. The amplification of the nonlinear response due to the local field enhancement is of course affected by these effects, and x also begins to decrease [167, 169, 170]. 

Eisert WG. Near-field amplification of antithrombotic effects of dipyridamole through vessel wall cells. Neurology 2001 57(suppl 2) S20-23. 

The second effect predicted by Askar yan was the. field amplification inside the cavity under the parametric resonance condition, when the mirror oscillates at twice the field eigenfrequency. It has not been observed yet, as far as we know, and the main part of the present review is devoted only to the progress in the theoretical treatment of this phenomenon achieved so far. 

The unique structure and electronic properties of CNTs provide a tremendous potential for construction of CNTs and MOX hybrid materials in the field of gas-sensing applications. Advantages for mixing CNTs in metal oxides for gas sensors are the reduction of operating temperature and enhancement of sensitivity and selectivity due to the amplification effects of p-n heterojunctions with the gas reaction, formation of nanochannels for gas diffusion, high specific surface area, and increase of charge carrier on the surface. As a result of these advantages, the hybrid CNT/metal oxide gas sensor may be used instead of the popular commercial metal oxide gas sensors (such as TGS gas sensors) in the near future. 

Gun, J., Schoning, M.J., Abouzar, M.H., Poghossian, A., Katz, E. Field-effect nanoparticle-based glucose sensor on a chip amplification effect of coimmobilized redox species. Electroanal 20, 1748-1753 (2008)... 

One other reason why many chemists and biologists are skeptical about parity violation and other subtle physical effects, is that the breaking of symmetry can be realized rather simply in the chemistry laboratory. According to Meir Lahav, one of the best known researchers in the field, breaking of symmetry is not the problem. He means by that, that the problem is rather the propagation and amplification of chirality. In sidebox 3.3 he summarizes some of the main concepts in particular, he considers crystals as agents of symmetry breaking (Weissbruch et al, 2003). 

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