Early pregnancy

Howard JK, East NJ, Chaney JL. 1978. Plasma cholinesterase activity in early pregnancy. Arch Environ Health September/October 277-278. 

The importance of producing pharmaceuticals in enantiomerically pure forms was brought to the public s attention with the thalidomide (Formula 4.2) tragedy in the early 1960s. Thalidomide, as a racemic mixture, was originally produced in 1953 as a sedative and a non-addictive alternative to barbiturates. It was later found that it alleviated many of the unpleasant symptoms of early pregnancy but by 1961 its use had been linked with an increase in the number of severe birth deformities and it was withdrawn. It... 

H sll, P. "Microtechniques for Rapid Prenatal Diagnosis In Early Pregnancy", In Birth Defects, Proc. 4th Int. Conf., ed. A. G. Motulsky and W. Lenz, Excerpta Medlca, Amsterdam, 1974, 234-239. 

Bore 11a P, Picco P, Masellis G. 1986. Lead content in abortion material from urban women in early pregnancy. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 57 93-99. 

FSH and LH play critical roles in the development and maintenance of male and, particularly, female reproductive function (Box 11.3). hCG, produced by pregnant women, plays a central role in maintaining support systems for the developing embryo during early pregnancy. All three are... 

Short-term topical oxymetazoline or inhaled corticosteroids may be preferred over oral decongestants, especially during early pregnancy. 

Spironello-Vella, E. and deCatanzaro, D. (2001) Novel male mice show gradual decline in the capacity to disrupt early pregnancy and in urinary excretion of testosterone and 17 beta-estradiol during the weeks immediately following castration. Horm. Metab. Res. 33, 681-686. 

Mirex concentrations in plasma of pregnant goats fed daily doses of 1 mg/kg for 61 weeks stabilized after 15 weeks (Smrek et al. 1977). An increase in the dose from 1 to 10 mg/kg at the end of the study resulted in an increase in the plasma level of mirex. Females dosed for 18 weeks starting at the first day postpartum had plasma levels that were similar to females that were started on mirex in early pregnancy (Smrek et al. 1977). 

Sherwood RA, Keating J, Kawadia V, Greenough A, Peters TJ. (1999). Substance misuse in early pregnancy and relationship to fetal outcome. EurJ Pediatr. 158(6) 488-92. 

The FABP isolated from mammary gland, a tissue widi a high level of fatty acid metabolism, has die ability to inhibit proliferation of tumour cells in vitro. The concentration of FABP increases in die cytosol of the mammary gland during lactation. Could this explain the protection against breast cancer afforded by an early pregnancy and hence lactation at an early age (Chapter 21) ... 

Teratogenic effects have been observed in humans after maternal warfarin exposure. The effects are primarily seen in the nasal region of the fetus and include nasal hypoplasia, bone stippling, and mental retardation. Central nervous system abnormalities due to localized hemorrhaging and scarring have occurred after second- or third-trimester exposures, whereas exposure during early pregnancy may result in dysmorphism. ... 

The use of female sex hormones, estrogens and progestogens, during early pregnancy may seriously damage the offspring. 

Pregnancy Clinical data are not adequate to establish safety in early pregnancy. Children Safety and efficacy for use in children have not been established. 

Jones, R. et al. (2002). Potential roles for endometrial inhibins, aetivins and follistatin during human embryo implantation and early pregnancy. Trends Endocrinol. Metab. 13(4), 144-150. 

Nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy should be managed in the first place by reassurance, attention to emotional factors, and general measures such as a cup of tea and biscuit, and light and frequent meals with adequate fibre intake. In resistant cases, drug therapy may be necessary. 

Jewell D, Young G. Interventions for nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2003. 

Sulfasalazine is contraindicated in individuals with hypersensitivity to salicylates, sulfonamides, sulfonylureas, and certain diuretics (furosemide, thiazides, and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors). Because it can cause kernicterus, sulfasalazine is contraindicated in infants and children under 2 years of age. Sulfasalazine passes into breast milk and is therefore contraindicated for nursing mothers. Similarly, pregnant women near term should not use this drug, although it appears to be the safest of the DMARDs during early pregnancy. 

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