Fibers woven and nonwoven

Other reinforcements that may be used in the substrate layers of decorative laminates and throughout the stmcture of industrial laminates are woven fabrics of glass or canvas and nonwoven fabrics of various polymeric monofilaments such as polyester, nylon, or carbon fibers. Woven and nonwoven fabrics tend to be much stronger than paper and have much more uniform strength throughout the x—y plane. They greatly enhance properties of laminates such as impact and tear strength. 

The primary substrates or support iaclude many types of paper and paperboard, polymer films such as polyethylene terephthalate, metal foils, woven and nonwoven fabrics, fibers, and metal cods. Although the coating process is better suited to continuous webs than to short iadividual sheets, it does work very well for intermittent coating, such as ia the printing process. In general, there is an ideal coater arrangement for any given product. 

Filter-medium selection embraces many types of construction fabrics of woven fibers, felts, and nonwoven fibers, porous or sintered solids, polymer membranes, or particulate solids in the form of a permeable bed. Media of all types are available in a wide choice of materials. 

The term reinforced plastic (RP), also called composites (more accurately plastic composites), refers to combinations of plastic (matrix) and reinforcing materials that predominantly come in fiber forms such as chopped, continuous, woven and nonwoven fabrics, etc. also in other forms such as powder, flake, etc. They provide significant oriented property and/or cost improvements than the individual components (10, 14, 35, 38, 39-43, 62). 

Vapor deposition has been used to prepare fibers such as woven and nonwoven synthetic and natural fibers having hydrophobic/oleophobic and biocide properties. This process entails flash evaporation of a perfluoroacrylate monomer and its radiation curing in a vacuum chamber onto a selected fiber surface. 

Another area where emulsion polymers have found broad acc tance is in the bonding of fibers. These fibers can all he of the same material, as in nonwoven-type structures or of different materials, such as in the woven and nonwoven composites utilized in tufted carpets. Optimized deposition of the polmer at fiber intersections rather than overall fiber coating and in some instances the copious use of inert fillers represent the art involved in developing properties at minimum cost. 

A correlation between Kq and UTS has been shown by others, also for short fiber reinforced thermoplastics [69], and more generally for a variet of composite systems, embracing unidirectional. 0 90 woven and nonwoven, and random chopped fiber arrangements [118]. 

Reinforcements usually come in continuous or chopped fiber forms as in woven and nonwoven fabrics. Both thermoplastic (TP) and thermoset (TS) resins are used in RPs (Chapter 3). At least 90 wt% of all RPs use glass fiber (E-type) materials (Chapter 2). At least 55 wt% of all RPs use TPs even with their relatively lower properties compared to reinforced TSs (RTSs). Practically all reinforced TPs (RTPs) with short or long glass fibers are injection molded at very fast processing cycles producing... 

Both woven and nonwoven fabrics made from PLA fibers are being considered for automobile cabin parts applications. Toyota has already employed a new type of spare-tire box cover using Kenaf/PLA board, which is manufactured by heat compression molding of a Kenaf/PLA (weight-based blend ratio 7/3) fiber web... 

The thermal stability of polypropylene fabrics at temperatures below melting point (120-135°C) has been improved markedly by the addition of stabilizers. This, along with the inherent stability to a wide variety of chemicals, has allowed both woven and nonwoven polypropylene fabrics to be used in filtration and a wide range of other industrial uses. At temperatures below the melting point, the stability of polypropylene fabrics rivals any but the most expensive high-performance fibers. 

The substrates or support coated on include paper and paper board, cellophane, polyCethylene terephthalate), poly(ethylene naphthalate), polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyCvinyl chloride), polyCvinyl fluoride), poly(vinylidene fluoride), polyimide, metal foils, woven and nonwoven fabrics, fibers, and metal coils. The surfaces of these supports can be impervious as in plastic films, or there may be a pore structure such as in paper. Primer coatings... 

Responding to the challenge of achieving optimum fiber architectures, material producers have devised innovative braided, woven and nonwoven, and stitched fabrics that are being used today even in bridge decks, beams, and other primary structural elements. 

Industrial applications of polyolefin fibers include woven and nonwoven geotextiles, agriculatural fabrics, construction sheeting, automobile fabrics, filtration media, rope/twine, woven bags, narrow-woven web and tapes, tents, and tarpaulins. Geosynthetic fabrics will continue to be a growing market for polypropylene nonwovens. 

The term reinforced plastic (RP) refers to composite combinations of plastic, matrix, and reinforcing materials, which predominandy come in chopped and continuous fiber forms as in woven and nonwoven fabrics. Other terms used to identify an RP include glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP), aramid fiber reinforced plastic (AFRP), boron fiber reinforced plastic (BFRP), carbon fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP), graphite fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP), etc. 

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