PolyCvinyl chloride

PolyCvinyl butyrate), 10 492-493 Polyvinylcarbazole (PVK), 22 207t PolyCvinyl carbonates), 25 601 PolyCvinyl chloride) (PVC), 23 407 24 170 25 657-691. See also PVC entries Vinyl chloride polymers antioxidant applications, 3 123 asbestos substitute, 3 315 cadmium stabilizers with, 4 501 coatings, 7 39... 

VDC polymerization and, 25 696 water-vapor transmission rate, 3 387t PolyCvinyl chloride) cable, 77 848 PolyCvinyl chloride-co-vinyl acetate), 7 524 Poly(vinyl chloride) polymers, lead phosphite in, 14 791... 

PolyCvinyl chloride)/rubber blend, 20 361 PolyCvinyl chloride) stabilizers commercially significant, 24 822t diorganotins as, 24 821-822 monoorganotins as, 24 825, 830 PolyCvinyl fluoride) (PVF), 20 586-597. 

I.M. Christie, P.H. Treloar and P. Vadgama, Plasticised polyCvinyl chloride) as a permselective barrier membrane for high-selectivity amperometric sensors and biosensors, Anal. Chirm. Acta, 269 (1992) 65-73. 

M. Kyrolainen, S.M. Reddy and P.M. Vadgama, Blood compatibility and extended linearity of lactate enzyme electrode using polyCvinyl chloride) outer membranes, Anal. Chim. Acta, 353 (1997) 281-289. 

Bromine and chlorine both add readily to alkenes to yield 1,2-dihaloaIkanes. For example, approximately 6 million tons per year of 1,2-dichloroethane (ethylene dichloride) are synthesized industrially by the addition of Clj to ethylene. The product is used both as a solvent and as starting material for use in the manufacture of polyCvinyl chloride), PVC. 

Plasticizers—small organic molecules that act as lubricants between chains—are usually added to thermoplastics to keep them from becoming brittle at room temperature. A good example is polyCvinyl chloride), which is brittle when pure but becomes supple and pliable when a plasticizer is added. In fact, the drip bags used in hospitals to deliver intravenous solutions are made of poly vinyl chloride). Dialkyl phthalates such as di(2-ethyl-hexyl) phthalate are commonly used for this purpose, although questions about their safety have recently been raised. 

Polyfvinyl chloride), the polymer produced from the polymerization of vinyl chloride, is known as PVC. Straight-chain polyfvinyl chloride) is hard and rather brittle branched polyCvinyl chloride) is the soft elastic vinyl conunonly used both as a substitute for leather and in the manufacture of such things as garbage bags and shower curtains (Section 28.2). Poly(acrylonitrile) looks like wool when it is made into fibers. It is marketed under the trade names Orion (DuPont), Creslan (Sterling Fibers), and Acrilan (Monsanto). 

The substrates or support coated on include paper and paper board, cellophane, polyCethylene terephthalate), poly(ethylene naphthalate), polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyCvinyl chloride), polyCvinyl fluoride), poly(vinylidene fluoride), polyimide, metal foils, woven and nonwoven fabrics, fibers, and metal coils. The surfaces of these supports can be impervious as in plastic films, or there may be a pore structure such as in paper. Primer coatings... 

Liquid-crystalline mesophase pitch is employed for high modulus carbon fiber production by stress graphitization. Carbon fibers prepared from this process were commercialized in the early 1980s (1). Petroleum, coal tar, and polyCvinyl chloride) are common sources of the pitch used in the preparation of carbon fibers. 

Vinyl chloride is an industrial chemical produced in large amounts (10 ° Ib/year in the United States) and is used in the preparation of poly(vinyl chloride). PolyCvinyl chloride), often called simply vinyl, has many applications, including siding for houses, wall coverings, and PVC piping. 

By the monomer s or hypothetical monomer s name, preceded by the word poly. For example, the polymer obtained by the polymerization of ethylene is called polyethylene. The polymer obtained by the polymerization of propylene is called polypropylene. Others such as polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, and polyCmethyl methacrylate) are the polymers of vinyl chloride, styrene, and methyl methacrylate, respectively. The reaction of polyethylene and polyCvinyl chloride) is... 

PolyCvinyl chloride) (PVC) resin is formed by the polymerization of vinyl chloride. The structure is... 

Plasticized Polymer Properties. Another practical use of Tg is in characterizing blends of polymers with small molecules. Over the industrially especially important blend composition ranges where the small molecules are dissolved in a polymeric matrix, such blends are usually referred to as plasticized polymers. A vast range of products that differ significantly from each other can be produced via plasticization of the same polymer. Plasticization has been explored the most extensively and exploited in the widest range of applications for polyCvinyl chloride). 

Fig. 11. The tensile stress-strain curves for polyCvinyl chloride) (PVC) at several temperatures.

Fig. 20. Diffusion coefficients for a variety of penetrants in natural rubber at 25°C and rigid polyCvinyl chloride) at 30°C.

Although polyCvinyl chloride) foams cannot be made as inexpensively as those from rubber or urethanes, their mechanical properties can sometimes be of value. 

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