Fibers, Prosthetic

South African Oscar Pistorius, a double amputee who runs with carbon fiber prosthetic legs, narrowly missed quaUfying for the 400-meter dash in the 2008 Olympic Games. 

Medical (coatings, adhesives, sensors and probes, prosthetics and biomedical products, and optical fibers)... 

By varying the nature of the side chain, R, various elastomers, plastics, films, and fibers have been obtained. These materials tend to be flexible at low temperatures, and water and fire resistant. Some fluoroalkoxy-substituted polymers (R = CHXFJ are so water repellent that they do not interact with living tissues and promise to be useful in fabrication of artificial blood vessels and prosthetic devices. 

HDPE - [FIBERS - OLEFIN] (Vol 10) -modulus of elasticity [PROSTHETIC AND BIOMEDICALDEVICES] (Vol 20)... 

Peroxidases belong to the class of oxidoreductases containing iron (111) and protoporphyrin IX as the prosthetic groups. Peroxidases catalyze the reduction of peroxides and the oxidation of many organic and inorganic compounds. These enzymes are widely used for the removal of phenolic compounds, decolorization of synthetic dyes, deodorization of swine manure, in enzyme immunoassays, for biofuel production and organic and polymer synthesis (Hamid and Rehman, 2009). Peroxidases have also been used for the surface modification of poly-p-phenylene-2,6-benzo-bisthiazole (PBO), polyethylene, and grafting of acrylamide onto kevlar fibers. 

At present a few studies of nanofibers and nanombes are focused on CNS drug delivery. One study evaluated electrospun nanofibers of a degradable polymer, PLGA, loaded with antiinflammatory agent, dexamethasone, for neural prosthetic applications (Abidian and Martin, 2005). A conducting polymer, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), was deposited to the nano-fiber surface and the coated nanofibers were then mounted on the microfabricated neural microelectrodes, which were implanted into brain. The drug was released by electrical stimulation that induced a local dilation of the coat and increased permeability. 

Prosthetic device cured fiber reinforced triazine resin 4,356,571... 

Polymer nanocomposites are being investigated with regard to their application as substitute of metals in motor industry, for the reinforcement of polymer fibers and tires, as scratch-resistant and inflammable coatings, and as biocompatible materials for prosthetic use. 

Computer-brain interfaces can work two ways. Cochlear implants have been developed to detect sound with an external microphone and relay the electrical signal to electrode arrays that directly stimulate inner ear nerve fibers. A visual prosthesis promises to similarly help the blind by applying electrical signals from a camera to an array of microelectrodes implanted into the visual cortex of the brain. Electrical signals from the brain can be used to control prosthetic limbs, computer software, or robots. Electrodes implanted into the pleasure centers of the brains of rats have been used to train rats to respond to investigators commands. 

Synthetic pol)mieric materials have been widely used in medical disposable supply, prosthetic materials, dental materials, implants, dressings, extracorporeal devices, encapsulants, polymeric drug delivery systems, tissue engineered products, and orthodoses as that of metal and ceramics substituents [Lee, 1989]. The main advantages of the polymeric biomaterials compared to metal or ceramic materials are ease of manufacturability to produce various shapes (latex, film, sheet, fibers, etc.), ease of secondary processability, reasonable cost, and availability with desired mechanical and physical properties. The required properties of polymeric biomaterials are similar to other biomaterials, that is, biocompatibility, sterilizability, adequate mechanical and physical properties, and manufacturability as given in Table 40.1. 

MAJOR APPLICATIONS In bacteria, PHB is a carbon reserve. The purified product is used as biodegradable packaging (bottles, containers, sheets, films, laminates, fibers, and coatings), especially as a copolymer of /3-hydroxybutyrate and /3-hydroxyvalerate. In biomedical applications, it is an excipient, a prosthetic material, etc. In organic syntheses, it provides chiral synthons. 

Uses Molded goods sol n. cast or extruded film structural parts tube and piping prosthetic devices optical parts windows computer and business equip. household appliances compact disks paints automotive parts electrical lighting modifier for other polymers reinforcing modifier for recycled polymers and alloys in blends with ABS, polyarylene ether, PBT, PET industrial fibers safety helmets, goggles unbreakable glazings (lamp housings) films food contact and medical applies. in cellophane for food pkg. food-contact surfaces... 

Suppose there could be prosthetic C-fibers, perhaps made of silicon, and that the stimulation of these can realize pain in essentially the same way, whatever that is, that the stimulation of C-fibers can. Stimulation of these would not activate an accurate natural C-fiber-stimulation detector, though it would activate some other sort of device. We can suppose that in a case where pain is realized in natural C-fiber stimulation and in a case where pain is realized in prosthetic C-fiber stimulation, the cores of the pain instance realizers are states of affairs of the same sort. The properties involved in these states of affairs are functional ones shared by natural C fibers and prosthetic ones. This is not, of course, to say that the cores of all pain instance realizers are states of affairs of the same sort. If, as David Lewis imagined, Martian pain is realized in the inflation of tiny cavities in the feet, the cores of Martian pain instance realizers will be very different from the cores of human pain instance realizers. But it is compatible with this that in any particular case of pain instantiation, the instance of pain has a realizer whose core is different from, though part of, the core of the realizer of the instance of the physical property that is the property realizer of the pain. In our case, the core of the realizer of the pain instance is different from, though part of, the core of the realizer of the C-fiber-stimulation instance. 

---