Fiber supplements, importance

Importance of Mixing Fiber Supplements with Food... 

It is difficult to gauge the relative contributions of fiber, reduced fat, and reduced cholesterol intake, and the increase in the P S fat ratio in bringing about the fall in total and LDL cholesterol which usually occurs on a high carbohydrate, high fiber diet. However, the fact that the type of fiber has been shown to be important in this respect and that purified fiber supplementation can lower cholesterol indicates a fairly major role for fiber. 

Commercial casein is usually manufactured from skim milk by precipitating the casein through acidification or rennet coagulation. Casein exists in milk as a calcium caseinate-calcium phosphate complex. When acid is added, the complex is dissociated, and at pH 4.6, the isoelectric point of casein, maximum precipitation occurs. Relatively little commercial casein is produced in the United States, but imports amounted to well over 150 million lb in 1981 (USDA 1981C). Casein is widely used in food products as a protein supplement. Industrial uses include paper coatings, glues, plastics and artificial fibers. Casein is typed according to the process used to precipitate it from milk, such as hydrochloric acid casein, sulfuric acid casein, lactic acid casein, coprecipitated casein, rennet casein, and low-viscosity casein. Differences... 

Nitrogen products are among the most important chemicals produced in the world today. The largest quantities are used as fertilizers, but nitrogen products also find very important uses in the manufacture of nylon and acrylic fibers, methacrylate and other plastics, foamed insulation and plastics, metal plating, gold mining, animal feed supplements, herbicides, and many pharmaceuticals. 

Manganese is a nutritionally important trace element for chicks. Dietary energy and protein sources contain very little bioavailable Mn, and these feed ingredients reduce the biopotency of inorganic Mn supplements. This adverse effect is exerted primarily in the intestine as a result of reduced Mn absorption and is mediated by the fiber and/or ash components of the feedstuffs. Gut absorption efficiencies are higher when a phytate-and fiber-free casein-dextrose diet is fed than when a corn-soybean meal diet is fed. Dietary interrelationships exist between Mn and Co and between Mn and Fe. Cobalt increases Mn absorption and may precipitate Mn toxicosis. Excess dietary Mn reduces Fe utilization, but excess Fe does not affect Mn utilization. Eimeria acervulina infection increases Mn absorption. 

Fiber Finishes. The natural fibers, of which cotton and wool are most important, are endowed by nature with a finish which affords textile processibility. The cotton fiber is coated by a layer of pectin and wax which supplements the natural hygroscopicity of the fiber with a lubricant which aids in the manifold drafting operations of the textile manufacturing process. Raw wool also occurs naturally with a coating of wool grease, but this is often removed by scouring the raw stock before textile processing,... 

Chemicals Used in Processing. Water is perhaps the most important chemical used in the textile manufacturing process. It is supplied primarily as high atmospheric humidity, often sprayed into the air to supplement the natural humidity. Water serves to plasticize the hydrophilic fibers and to minimize static electrical effects with the hydrophobic. Humidifying the air has made the expansion of the textile industry in the South possible, and now air conditioning has entirely removed geographical limitations on textile processing. 

Among sheep with dietary insufficiencies, the minerals copper and zinc, when supplemented to the diet, have been shown to be important to wool fiber growth. Their effectiveness is attributed to the important roles these minerals play in sulfur amino acid metabolism copper serves to catalyze the oxidation of cysteine to cystine during fiber synthesis [109]. Zinc is required for cell division to occur, and it also appears to play a role in protein metabolism [110]. 

These two sessions dealing with vector control issues were further supplemented by a luncheon seminar entitled Prospects for use of insecticide treated materials in personal protection and chemical control of vector borne diseases by P. F. Guillet (WHO, Switzerland). The importance of technology using insecticide-incorporated or -coated polymer fibers was pointed out. Comments were also given that WHO was in favor of the indoor use of DDT for controlling malaria vectors. 

In addition, there are numerous reports showing the extreme interindividual variation in plasma response following /3C supplementation (Johnson and Russell, 1992 Dimitrov et al., 1988 Brown et al, 1989). Dietary factors, such as fat, fiber, or fat substitute content, or physiological factors, such as bile salt composition or secretion, mixed micelle formation, or general health, may have interactive and independent roles in the observed variation in plasma jSC enrichment levels. The above factors and possibly other factors which are currently unknown may contribute to this variation through involvement in mechanisms which occur during absorption and intestinal conversion of /3C to vitamin A. However, the relative importance of each factor to the observed variation in final plasma /SC levels achieved foUowing supplementation remains to be determined. 

The sterically inhibited amines (HALS) were the most important new development in the field of photoprotectants of the past 10 years. The low molecular types have now been supplemented by highly effective polymeric types. They are particularly effective with very oxidation-sensitive PPs and other polyolefins - even in products with minimum wall thicknesses (foils, fibers). The polymeric HALS types have proven highly resistant to extraction and migration. 

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