Fertilisers chemical

Duct from Economiser at Belagula plant of M/s. Bangur Fertiliser Chemicals in June 1992. In the foreground you can see the acid and cooler pipe with support rack and basins. 

The large amount of fluorine values released from phosphate rock in the manufacture of fertilisers (qv) gives a strong impetus to develop fluorine chemicals production from this source (see Phosphoric acid and the phosphates). Additional incentive comes from the need to control the emission of fluorine-containing gases. Most of the fluorine values are scmbbed out as fluorosiUcic acid, H2SiPg, which has limited useflilness. A procedure to convert fluorosihcic acid to calcium fluoride is available (61). 

Phosphorus [7723-14-0] is a nonmetaUic element having widespread occurrence in nature as phosphate compounds (see Phosphoric acid and phosphates). Fluorapatite [1306-03-4], Ca F(P0 2> is the primary mineral in phosphate rock ores from which useful phosphoms compounds (qv) ate produced. The recovery from the ore into commercial chemicals is accompHshed by two routes the electric furnace process, which yields elemental phosphoms and the wet acid process, which generates phosphoric acid. The former is discussed herein (see Furnaces, electric). Less than 10% of the phosphate rock mined in the world is processed in electric furnaces. Over 90% is processed by the wet process, used primarily to make fertilisers (qv). 

Most of the phosphoms produced as the element is later converted to high purity phosphoric acid and phosphate compounds the remainder is used in direct chemical synthesis to produce high purity products. In contrast, phosphoric acid produced by the wet process is used in lower purity apphcations, especially in fertiliser and to a lesser degree in animal feed (see Feeds AND FEED ADDITIVES). More recendy, a small portion of wet acid is purified in a second process and then also used in high purity acid and phosphate compound apphcations. 

Chemical fertiliser is the predominant market for langbeinite. Comparatively small but increasing amounts of langbeinite are used by the animal feed ingredient industry (see Feeds and feed additives). Producers who supply this market must take special precautions to be sure that any langbeinite intended as an animal feed ingredient meets all USDA specifications for toxic heavy metals and other impurities. 

S. P. Landels, M. M. Smart,. Bakker, and. Shimosato, "Controlled Release Fertilisers and Nitrification Inhibitors," Chemical Economics Handbook, SRI International, Menlo Park, Calif., 1989. 

In North America, calcium cyanamide is no longer used as fertiliser, but it has limited use in special agricultural appHcations for defoHants, fungicides, herbicides, and as a weed killer. The primary industrial use is as a chemical intermediate for the manufacture of calcium cyanide, hydrogen cyanamide solution, and dicyandiamide. Calcium cyanamide is also used to add nitrogen to steel. 

Godavari Fertilisers and Chemicals (India) Gowan Company Indiclay (India)... 

The salts content of soils may be markedly altered by man s activities. The effect of cathodic protection will be discussed later in this section. Fertiliser use, particularly the heavy doses used in lawn care, introduces many chemicals into the soil. Industrial wastes, salt brines from petroleum production, thawing salts on walks and roads, weed-killing salts at the base of metal structures, and many other situations could be cited as examples of alteration of the soil solution. In tidal areas or in soils near extensive salt deposits, depletion of fresh ground-water supplies has resulted in a flow of brackish or salty sea water into these soils, causing increased corrosion. 

Manufacturers and specialist materials development associations publish extensive corrosion data in the form of monographs, and this form of presentation is also used in national standards. The most recent comprehensive text in this category is perhaps the publication by the Zinc Development Association . The work is important in that the section on chemicals also deals with common, though complex, chemical formulations, e.g. Are-extinguisher fluids, soaps and syndets, agricultural chemicals such as pesticides and fertilisers. This publication also demonstrates the mammoth task of recording all the available data for just one material. A comparable book for mild steel would probably be much larger, whereas for many other materials the information has not yet been determined. Thus at best, only very incomplete data are available in this form. 

In hospitals, chemical analysis is widely used to assist in the diagnosis of illness and in monitoring the condition of patients. In farming, the nature and level of fertiliser application is based upon information obtained by analysis of the soil to determine its content of the essential plant nutrients, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and of the trace elements which are necessary for healthy plant growth. 

Similar findings on dairy farms in Canada were reported by Stonehouse, et al. (2001). The superior economic performance on organic dairy farms was attributed to lower costs of production for almost all material inputs, including dairy herd replacements and livestock feeds. The organic dairy farmers used more land for feed crop production for the dairy cows in order to be as self-sufficient as possible. The conventional dairy farmers imported crop seeds, synthetic chemical fertilisers and pesticides, feedstuffs and herd replacements, with more of their land being devoted to cash crops. 

Crystallisation is used for the production, purification and recovery of solids. Crystalline products have an attractive appearance, are free flowing, and easily handled and packaged. The process is used in a wide range of industries from the small-scale production of specialised chemicals, such as pharmaceutical products, to the tonnage production of products such as sugar, common salt and fertilisers. 

Large quantities are used as a raw material in the chemical process industry, especially for urea across C02 reaction with NH3 and later dehydration of the formed carbamate. Urea is the product most used as agricultural fertiliser. It is used in feed for ruminants, as carbon cellulose explosives stabiliser in the manufacture of resins and also for thermosetting plastic products, among others. 

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