Ferruginous ores

Several types of Zigzag classifier are produced by Alpine [5] for separation of ferruginous ore, fertilizers, plastic, wooden dust, etc. at cut sizes ranging from 0.1 to 10 mm. The number of parallel chambers varies from one to 16 with output ranging from 1 to 10 t/h. 

Eisen-reihe, /. iron aeries, -refin, -resinit, m. (Min.) humboldtine. -rhodanid, n. ferric thiocyanate, iron(III) thiocyanate, -rho-daniir, n. ferrous thiocyanate. iron(II) thiocyanate. -rogenstein, m. oolitic iron ore. -rohr, n., -rohre, /. iron pipe or tube, -rost, m. iron rust, -rostwasser, n. iron liquor, iron mordant, -rot, n. colcothar. -safraQt m. saffron (or crocus) of Mars, -salmiak, m. (Pharm.) ammoniated iron, iron and ammonium chloride, -salz, n. iron salt, -sand, m. ferruginous sand, -sau, /. iron sow. 

Kupfer-asche, /. copper scale, -azetat, n. copper acetate, -azetylen, n. copper acetylide. -bad, n. copper bath, -barre, /. copper bar copper ingot, -belze, /. copper mordant, -blatt, n. copper foil, -blau, n. blue verditer, azurite. -blech, n. sheet copper, copper foil, -blel, n. copper-lead alloy, -bleiglanz, m. Min.) cuproplumbite. -bleivitriol, m. linarite. -blende, /. tennantite. -blute, / copper bloom (capillary cuprite), -braim, n. tils ore (earthy ferruginous cuprite),... 

Positive Eu anomaly is observed for barite, Kuroko ores, ferruginous chert (tet-susekiei), and hydrothermally altered basaltic and dacitic rocks overlying the Kuroko ores. 

Figure 1.46. REE patterns of the altered volcanogenic rocks and Kuroko ores. Data sources Shikazono (1999a). (A) Hydrothermally altered dacite and anhydrite underlying the Kuroko ores. (B) Barite, Kuroko ore and ferruginous chert. (C) Hydrothermally altered basalt overlying the Kuroko ores (Shikazono, 1999a).

Heavy Rare Earth Element). Therefore, it is considered that negative Ce and positive Eu anomalies in hydrothermally altered volcanic rocks, Kuroko ores, and ferruginous chert and LREE enrichment in the Kuroko ores have been caused by hydrothermal alteration and precipitations of minerals from hydrothermal solution responsible for sulfides-sulfate (barite) mineralization. 

Positive Eu anomaly is observed for hydrothermal solution issuing from the hydrothermal vent on the seawater at East Pacific Rise (Bence, 1983 Michard et al., 1983 Michard and AlbarMe, 1986). Guichard et al. (1979) have shown that the continental hydrothermal barites have a positive Eu anomaly, indicating a relatively reduced environment. Graf (1977) has shown that massive sulfide deposits and associated rocks from the Bathurst-Newcastle district. New Brunswick have positive Eu anomalies. These data are compatible with positive Eu anomaly of altered basaltic rocks, ferruginous chert and Kuroko ores in Kuroko mine area having positive Eu anomaly and strongly support that Eu is present as divalent state in hydrothermal solution responsible for the hydrothermal alteration and Kuroko mineralization. 

As noted already, Kuroko deposits are characterized by the following zonal arrangement in ascending stratigraphic order siliceous ore (quartz, chalcopyrite, pyrite), yellow ore (chalcopyrite, pyrite), black ore (sphalerite, galena, barite), barite ore (barite and quartz) and ferruginous chert ore (microcrystalline quartz, hematite). 

Barite is common in the black ore and abundant in barite ore. Barite is also found in ferruginous chert ore (Kalogeropoulos and Scott, 1983). 

Quartz coexisting with barite also occurs in the ferruginous and barite ores in Kuroko deposits. 

Barite is abundant in the massive strata-bound ore bodies (black and barite ores) in Kuroko deposits and occurs in the ferruginous chert ore in Kuroko deposits, and chimneys in active deposits at back-arc basins. 

Eastern Manus Basin Desmos cauldron (3 42 S, 151°52 E) 2000 Caldera of basalt/basaltic andesite at an intersection of a spreading center and a transform fault Sulfide ores were not recovered. Megaplume-like methane anomalies in water column over the caldera. Ferruginous oxide deposits. Pyrite and native sulfur disseminated in basaltic andesite. 

Main opaque minerals are chalcopyrite, pyrite, pyrrhotite, sphalerite and bornite (Table 2.22). These minerals commonly occur in massive, banded and disseminated ores and are usually metamorphosed. Hematite occurs in red chert which is composed of fine grained hematite and aluminosilicates (chlorite, stilpnomelane, amphibole, quartz) and carbonates. The massive sulfide ore bodies are overlain by a thin layer of red ferruginous rock in the Okuki (Watanabe et al., 1970). Minor opaque minerals are cobalt minerals (cobaltite, cobalt pentlandite, cobalt mackinawite, carrollite), tetrahedrite-tennantite, native gold, native silver, chalcocite, acanthite, hessite, silver-rich electrum, cubanite, valleriite , and mawsonite or stannoidite (Table 2.22). 

Iron does not occur in nature as a native metal. Lumps of meteoritic iron, which fell to the surface of the earth from outer space, are often found, however. It has been argued whether the earliest iron used by humans was of meteoritic origin or smelted from ores (Piaskowsky 1988). Combined with other elements, iron occurs in a varied range of ferruginous (iron-containing) ores that are widely dispersed on the upper crust of the earth some common iron ores often used for smelting are listed in Table 37. 

In 1826 Carl Kersten of Gottingen detected selenium in the capillary cuprite or so-called copper bloom from Rheinbreitenbach on the Rhine, which Councilor Hausmann had presented to him (39). He also found this element to be present in the earthy ferruginous cuprite (tile ore) from the same locality (39). 

This mineral, eays Phillips, which was formerly eupposod to bo of rare occurrence, constitutes one of the richest and most abundant ores of Chili, where it is frequently associated with native silver, apparently resulting from its decomposition. It also occurs in massive amorphous fragments in connection with sulphide of silver, but still more frequently in small cubical crystals disseminated in the ferruginous rock known in Chili and Peru under the names of paeoe and colloradoe. Specimens of this mineral, although of comparatively rare occurrence in the European mines, have bean obtained from Norway, Siberia, Saxony, the Harts, and Cornwell. ... 

Chakravarty, S., Dureja, V., Bhattacharyya, G. et al. (2002) Removal of arsenic from groundwater using low cost ferruginous manganese ore. Water Research, 36(3), 625-32. 

Epitome of Process.—The ore is first dressed, roasted, and then smelted in blast or reverberatory furnaces to a ferruginous matte consisting essentially of sulphides of copper, nickel, and iron. This is then oxidised in a blast of air in a converter in an analogous manner to the production of steel by the basic Bessemer process. By this means practically all the iron is removed, and as much sulphur as possible without excessive loss of nickel. On an average the product contains approximately ... 

Next to aluminium, iron is the most abundant and widely distributed metal in the crust of the earth.1 It is seldom found free in nature owing to the extreme readiness with which it combines with moist air to form the hydrated oxide known as rust. Such ferruginous minerals as contain a sufficiently high percentage of iron, possess a suitable chemical composition, and occur in nature in large quantity, are termed ores and are used for the commercial extraction of iron. Owing to their economic importance the ores of iron have been studied with unusual care, and the suitability of the more important types for metallurgical purposes is discussed in Part III. of this volume. 

Gusel nikov, V.N., 1976. Ferruginous quartzites and volcanism. CJeol. Rudnykh Mestorozhdeniy (Geology of Ore Deposits), 18/5 110-116 (in Russian). 

Khodyush, L.Ya., 1967b. Problems of the lithogenesis of Precambrian ferruginous quartzites, illustrated by the Byelozerka iron-ore district. In Prirodnyye i trudovyye resursy Levobereznoy Ukrainy i ikh ispolzovaniye (Natural and Labor Resources of Left-bank Ukraine and their Utilization), Kharkov, 2 82-83 (in Russian). 

Kornilov, N.A., 1969. Thermodynamics of low-temperature metamorphi.sm of Precambrian ferruginous quartzites. In Problema metamorphogennogo rudoobrazovaniya (Problems of Metamorphic Ore Formation). Izd. Naukova Dumka, Kiev, pp. 211-213 (in Russian). 

Mel nik, Yu.P. and Radchuk, V.V, 1977b. Thermodynamic model of metamorphism of sideritic ferruginous quartzites. Geol. rudnykh mestorozhdeniy (Geology of Ore Deposits), 5 74-86 (in Russian). 

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