Ferrugine

Eisen-. iron, ferro-, ferruginous, -abbrand, m. iron waste, -abfalle, m.pl. scrap iron, -ab-scheidung, /. separation of iron. 

Eisenerde, /. ferruginous earth, iron earth (Ceram.) a kind of hard stoneware. — biaue —, earthy vivianite. 

Eisen-reihe, /. iron aeries, -refin, -resinit, m. (Min.) humboldtine. -rhodanid, n. ferric thiocyanate, iron(III) thiocyanate, -rho-daniir, n. ferrous thiocyanate. iron(II) thiocyanate. -rogenstein, m. oolitic iron ore. -rohr, n., -rohre, /. iron pipe or tube, -rost, m. iron rust, -rostwasser, n. iron liquor, iron mordant, -rot, n. colcothar. -safraQt m. saffron (or crocus) of Mars, -salmiak, m. (Pharm.) ammoniated iron, iron and ammonium chloride, -salz, n. iron salt, -sand, m. ferruginous sand, -sau, /. iron sow. 

Eisen-wasser, n. chalybeate water, -wein, m. Pharm.) iron wine, -weinstein, m. Pharm.) iron and potassium tartrate, tartrated iron, -werk, n. ironworks, iron mill, -wolfram, n. ferrotungsten. -zeit, /. iron age. -zement, m. n. ferroconcrete, -zinkblende, /. mar-matite. -zinkspat, m. ferruginous calamine, -zinnerz, n. ferriferous cassiterite. -zucker, m. Pharm.) saccharated ferric oxide, -zuk-kersinip, m. Pharm.) sirup of ferric oxide. 

Kalk-echtlieit. /. fastness to lime, -einlagerung, /. calcareous deposit, -eisengranat, m. lime-iron garnet, andradite. -eisenstein, m, ferruginous limestone, kalkempfindlich, a. sensitive to lime. Kalkempfindlichkeit, /. sensitiveness to lime, kalken, kalken, v.t. lime. 

Kupfer-asche, /. copper scale, -azetat, n. copper acetate, -azetylen, n. copper acetylide. -bad, n. copper bath, -barre, /. copper bar copper ingot, -belze, /. copper mordant, -blatt, n. copper foil, -blau, n. blue verditer, azurite. -blech, n. sheet copper, copper foil, -blel, n. copper-lead alloy, -bleiglanz, m. Min.) cuproplumbite. -bleivitriol, m. linarite. -blende, /. tennantite. -blute, / copper bloom (capillary cuprite), -braim, n. tils ore (earthy ferruginous cuprite),... 

Positive Eu anomaly is observed for barite, Kuroko ores, ferruginous chert (tet-susekiei), and hydrothermally altered basaltic and dacitic rocks overlying the Kuroko ores. 

Figure 1.46. REE patterns of the altered volcanogenic rocks and Kuroko ores. Data sources Shikazono (1999a). (A) Hydrothermally altered dacite and anhydrite underlying the Kuroko ores. (B) Barite, Kuroko ore and ferruginous chert. (C) Hydrothermally altered basalt overlying the Kuroko ores (Shikazono, 1999a).

Light rare earth enrichment is distinct and REE contents are relatively high for the ferruginous chert. 

Heavy Rare Earth Element). Therefore, it is considered that negative Ce and positive Eu anomalies in hydrothermally altered volcanic rocks, Kuroko ores, and ferruginous chert and LREE enrichment in the Kuroko ores have been caused by hydrothermal alteration and precipitations of minerals from hydrothermal solution responsible for sulfides-sulfate (barite) mineralization. 

Positive Eu anomaly is observed for hydrothermal solution issuing from the hydrothermal vent on the seawater at East Pacific Rise (Bence, 1983 Michard et al., 1983 Michard and AlbarMe, 1986). Guichard et al. (1979) have shown that the continental hydrothermal barites have a positive Eu anomaly, indicating a relatively reduced environment. Graf (1977) has shown that massive sulfide deposits and associated rocks from the Bathurst-Newcastle district. New Brunswick have positive Eu anomalies. These data are compatible with positive Eu anomaly of altered basaltic rocks, ferruginous chert and Kuroko ores in Kuroko mine area having positive Eu anomaly and strongly support that Eu is present as divalent state in hydrothermal solution responsible for the hydrothermal alteration and Kuroko mineralization. 

As noted already, Kuroko deposits are characterized by the following zonal arrangement in ascending stratigraphic order siliceous ore (quartz, chalcopyrite, pyrite), yellow ore (chalcopyrite, pyrite), black ore (sphalerite, galena, barite), barite ore (barite and quartz) and ferruginous chert ore (microcrystalline quartz, hematite). 

Barite is common in the black ore and abundant in barite ore. Barite is also found in ferruginous chert ore (Kalogeropoulos and Scott, 1983). 

Ferruginous chert in which abundant silica occurs formed below the seafloor by the mixing of ferruginous sediments and hydrothermal components (Kalogeropourous and Scott, 1983). 

Barite-silica chimney found in back-arc basin formed in the conditions similar to that of ferruginous chert and barite bed in the Kuroko deposits temperature is relatively low (ca. 150-100°C), and flow rate of fluids may be slow. 

Quartz coexisting with barite also occurs in the ferruginous and barite ores in Kuroko deposits. 

Barite is abundant in the massive strata-bound ore bodies (black and barite ores) in Kuroko deposits and occurs in the ferruginous chert ore in Kuroko deposits, and chimneys in active deposits at back-arc basins. 

Eastern Manus Basin Desmos cauldron (3 42 S, 151°52 E) 2000 Caldera of basalt/basaltic andesite at an intersection of a spreading center and a transform fault Sulfide ores were not recovered. Megaplume-like methane anomalies in water column over the caldera. Ferruginous oxide deposits. Pyrite and native sulfur disseminated in basaltic andesite. 

Main opaque minerals are chalcopyrite, pyrite, pyrrhotite, sphalerite and bornite (Table 2.22). These minerals commonly occur in massive, banded and disseminated ores and are usually metamorphosed. Hematite occurs in red chert which is composed of fine grained hematite and aluminosilicates (chlorite, stilpnomelane, amphibole, quartz) and carbonates. The massive sulfide ore bodies are overlain by a thin layer of red ferruginous rock in the Okuki (Watanabe et al., 1970). Minor opaque minerals are cobalt minerals (cobaltite, cobalt pentlandite, cobalt mackinawite, carrollite), tetrahedrite-tennantite, native gold, native silver, chalcocite, acanthite, hessite, silver-rich electrum, cubanite, valleriite , and mawsonite or stannoidite (Table 2.22). 

Ferruginous quartz Vitreous Transparent or translucent Red/yellow-brown Inclusions of iron and asbestos... 

Iron does not occur in nature as a native metal. Lumps of meteoritic iron, which fell to the surface of the earth from outer space, are often found, however. It has been argued whether the earliest iron used by humans was of meteoritic origin or smelted from ores (Piaskowsky 1988). Combined with other elements, iron occurs in a varied range of ferruginous (iron-containing) ores that are widely dispersed on the upper crust of the earth some common iron ores often used for smelting are listed in Table 37. 

Ferrugineous rough-legged hawk, Buteo regalis LD50 5... 

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