Ti-Fe alloy

This effect has been observed for iron and various iron alloys, including 4340 steel, maraging steel, and Fe-Ti alloys [155]. 

Rapid quenching of C-Fe-Ti alloys from the melt by splat cooling [1980Sar] produces stable phases such as ferrite, austenite, TiC and metastable phases such as cementite, martensite and a hexagonal s phases. Austenite deeomposes in the temperature range 200-400°C whereas TiC precipitates at 700°C and coarsens slowly at 700-800°C. 

Hot corrosion of C-Fe-Ti alloys has been investigated by [ 1989Mal] at 700-850°C under Na2S04 and NaCl brines. Hot corrosion rate increases with the temperature and with the carbon content at least up to 0.4 mass% C. 

Sum] Sumito, M., Tsuchiya, N., Okabe, K., Sanbongi, K., Solubility of Titanium and Carbon in Molten Fe-Ti Alloys Saturated with Carbon , Trans. Iron Steel Inst. Jpn., 21, 414-421 (1981) (Calculation, Experimental, Morphology, Phase Relations, Thermodyn., 16)... 

Mov] Movchan, A.V., Pedan, L.G., Bachurin, A.P., Growth of Austenite-Carbide Colonies on Carburizing Complex Fe-Ti Alloys , Russ. Metall., (5), 66-71 (1999), translated from Izv. Ross. Akad. Nauk, (5), 53-57 (1999) (Experimental, Phase Relations, Morphology, 9)... 

Fig. 48. Spin-teoTientation temperature determined 1 ac susceptibility (circles) and calculated with CEF parameters of B.-E Hu et al. (1990) (dashed curve) and with readjusted parameters (Nagamine and Rechenbetg 1992) (solid curve) versus Gd concentration x in Dy,, Gd,Fe,Ti alloys. One can see that for higher Gd content (x > 0.8) Tgi falls below 80 K.

Table 5. Meehanieal Properties, Density and Phase Composition Fe-Ti Alloys with B [2005Lou]...

Films may thus range from thin transparent oxides (passive films on Al, Cr, Ti and Fe-Cr alloys), or thin visible sulphides (on Cu and Ag) to thicker... 

Intergranular corrosion Carbon steels in NO solns Some Al alloys in Cl Cu-Zn alloys solns, high in NH7 solns potentials Fe-Cr-Ni steels in Cl solns Cu-Zn alloys Mg-A alloys in NO in CrO + solns Cl solns Ti alloys in High methanol. A strength alloys, low steels in Cl potentials solns Brittle fracture... 

Centrifugal Shot Casting Atomization (CSC) 150-1000 Standard deviation 1.3-1.4 Fe, Co, Ni, Ti alloys, Alumina, Uranium monocarbide 102-105 Narrow size distribution Coarse particles, Low EE... 

Databases, generally available for a fee, often together with software packages, have been prepared for several types of materials and systems. Typical examples are a database developed for Fe-rich alloys containing data for up to 15 components, and 55 types of phases or similar databases for Mg-rich, Al-rich, Ni-rich, Ti-rich alloys. Other databases are available for different types of materials semiconductors, solder alloys, ceramic systems, slag, molten salts, etc. 

Morris et al. 2006). The data concerning the ternary system Al-Fe-Ti have been reviewed and discussed by Palm and Lacaze (2006) the assessments of the limiting binary systems (especially of Ti-Al and Fe-Al) have also been reported and commented. The Fe-Ni and Ti-Fe systems have been examined and discussed in papers dedicated to the assessment of Ti-Fe-Ni alloys (Cacciamani et al. 2006, Riani et al. 2006). 

Menstruum process (fluxprocess) The menstruum process was described for the preparation of carbides which are distinguished by good wettability and a very low content of impurities (such as N, O). As a most suitable auxiliary metal bath for the reaction between transition metals and carbon, a Fe-Ni alloy was suggested. The amount of this alloy (70 Fe-30 Ni mass%) was about four times the volume of the transition metal (Ti, Zr, V). After the reaction the product was crushed and put in a warm HC1 solution to dissolve the menstruum alloy. 

Additional surface modifications on vapor deposited SiC fibers, including WC. TaC, TiN, B4C, Al, Ni and Fe, have been applied with varying degree of success (Wawner and Nutt, 1980 DeBolt, 1982 Wawner, 1988). After exhaustive trial and error, TiB is selected as an additional coating material to further prevent the diffusion-induced reactions between the SCS-6 fibers and matrix materials, including Ti alloys and Ti Al intermetallic alloys (e.g. Ti Al, TiAl and TiAl ) (Donncllan and Frazier, 1991 James et al., 1991). When the coated fiber is subjected to tensile... 

Let us take the example of a simple commercial alloy such as Ti-6AI-4V. This is the most popular structural Ti alloy used worldwide. Essentially one would need to consider Ti-AI, Ti-V and Al-V binary interactions and Ti-Al-V ternary interactions. Unfortunately, although called Ti-6AI-4V, this alloy also contains small amounts of O, C, N and Fe and it therefore exists in the multi-component space within the Ti-Al-V-O-C-N-Fe system. There are then 21 potential binary... 

Aluminium alloys form one of the most widely used groups of materials in existence. They make products which are often cheap and can be applied to many different areas. Extensive work has been done on the experimental determination of binary and ternary phase diagrams, mainly during the mid-part of this century, and researchers such as Phillips (1961) and Mondolfo (1976) have produced detailed reviews of the literature which provide industry standard publications. However, although some important Al-alloys are based on ternary systems, such as the LM2S/ 356 casting alloy based on Al-Mg-Si, in practice they inevitably include small amounts of Cu, Mn, Fe, Ti etc., all of which can significantly modify the castability and properties of the final product. The situation is further exacerbated by the use of scrap material. It is therefore useful to be able to predict phase equilibria in multi-component alloys. 

Similarly, a number of amorphous alloys based on Fe-Zr, Ni-Zr, Co-Zr, Ni-Nb, have not shown any increase in activity over that expected for the mechanical mixture of the crystalline components [571]. For Ni-Nb the overpotential has even increased. Only Cu-Ti alloys have shown apparent synergetic effects, but the results of Machida et al. [89] (cf. Fig. 32) should also be taken into account. Jorge et al. [152] have observed higher activity for the amorphous form of Cu-Ti alloys, but they have attributed it to the preferential dissolution of Ti in the amorphous sample under cathodic load, with formation of a relatively porous Cu layer. The same effect was obtained more rapidly by means of HF etching [89,152]. 

Cocco et al. [54] discuss the preparation of metallic glass, while copper-titanium, aluminum-titanium, and palladium-titanium systems in particular are prepared under a controlled atmosphere with hydrogen and argon. Components of Nb-Ni and Nb-Y have also been described [55]. Amorphous Ni-Ti alloys have been prepared by Schwarz et al. [56], while Ni-Ga, Ni-Ge, Ni-In, and Ni-Sn has been synthesized in supersaturated solid solutions [57]. Fe, Co, Ni-Ta-alloys are described by Lee and Yang [58], while FeSi2 doped with Co or Al for thermoelectric material is also mentioned [59]. 

One of the important materials problems in this design is the corrosion of metal alloys when Li-Pb is used as the breeder-moderator. The dual wall structure used in the Cauldron Blanket Module should apply equally well here, so that V can be used for the plasma first wall to provide structural strength with minimum activation. The choice of a material for the wall membrane in contact with liquid Li-Pb becomes difficult. Ti alloys cannot be used because of reaction with Pb. Pure iron and iron-rich alloys appear marginal because of a solubility of Fe in Pb of 10-5 atom fraction at 900 K (12). Use of Ni or Cr as alloying constituents in iron do not improve the situation, since Ni and Cr have solubilities in Pb of 0.03 and v 10" atom fraction at 900 K (13). The refractory metals Nb, Ta, Mo,... 

As their name implies, shape-memory alloys are able to revert back to their original shape, even if significantly deformed (Figure 3.24). This effect was discovered in 1932 for Au-Cd alloys. However, there were no applications for these materials until the discovery of Ni-Ti alloys (e.g., NiTi, nitinol) in the late 1960s. As significant research has been devoted to the study of these materials, there are now over 15 different binary, ternary, and quaternary alloys that also exhibit this property. Other than the most common Ni-Ti system, other classes include Au-Cu-Zn, Cu-Al-Ni, Cu-Zn-Al, and Fe-Mn-Si alloys. 

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