Fatty acids glycerol

Amino acids, Nucleotides, Monosaccharides, Fatty acids, Glycerol... 

Heimann and Vogtle [38] synthesized triesters of glycerol with different ether carboxylic acids with a short alkyl chain. They have found that these hydrophilic lipids, in contrast with the fatty acid glycerol triesters, give complex-ation with alkali and alkali earth metal cations in an analogy of crown ethers. 

Precursor and derived lipids These include fatty acids, glycerol, steroids, other alcohols, fatty aldehydes, and ketone bodies (Chapter 22), hydrocarbons, hpid-soluble vitamins, and hormones. 

Adipose tissue Storage and breakdown of triacylglyc-erol Esterification of fatty acids and lipolysis lipogenesis Glucose, lipoprotein triacylglycerol Free fatty acids, glycerol Lipoprotein lipase, hormone-sensitive lipase... 

For most of the further uses oils and fats must be split into the so-called oleochemical base materials fatty acid methyl esters, fatty acids, glycerol and, as hy-... 

Ansiven E. To reform triglycerides from the incoming fatty acids, glycerol 3-P must be available. The adipose can produce this only from DHAP in glycolysis. 

T, De PetroceUis L, Di Marzo V, Mechoulam R, An entourage effect Inactive endogenous fatty acid glycerol esters enhance 2-arachidonoyl-glycerol cannabi-noid activity, Eur J Pharmacol 353 23—31, 1998. 

The fatty acid glycerol esters and the plasmalogens are transmethylated by adding methanolic HC1 to the sample and heating the mixture in a closed vial at 90°C for 4 h. After cooling the sample, the fatty acid methyl esters and the dimethylacetals are extracted with hexane. The concentrated hexane solution is ready for analysis by GC. 

CA 65, 3662-63(1966) [improvements in the production of expl mixts contg water-sol salts (such ss AH or INte nicrs te) with o t n(J cy tc cake and harden, can be achieved by incorporation of 1—5.% of a mixt of highrmol-wt fatty ales and fatty acid-glycerol esters- E-g AN 60, NaN03 10, DNT 15, NGc 10, sol NC 0.3, fatty alc/ester mixt 1.7, woodmeal 2 red iron oxide 1%]... 

In some cases the functions of phospholipases in cells are purely degradative and result in the release of the phospholipid components (fatty acids, glycerol, phosphate, and head-groups). But in many cases phospholipases have important roles in synthesis and regulation. For example, we have seen how phospholipase A2 catalyzes the first step in the remodeling of phosphatidylcholine to the surfactant... 

Ben-Shabat, S., Fride, E., Sheskin, T., Tamiri, T., Rhee, M. H., Vogel, Z., Bisogno, T., De Petrocellis, L., Di Marzo, V., and Mechoulam, R. (1998). An entourage effect Inactive endogenous fatty acid glycerol esters enhance 2-arachidonoyl-glycerol cannabinoid activity. Eur. 

Lipase Oily seeds Fats Fatty acids + glycerol... 

In mammals, complex lipids are catabolised by lipases to yield fatty acids, glycerol and other components. The fatty acids are then broken down by beta-oxidation to give NADH, reduced flavoprotein and acetyl-CoA, which then enters the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Lipase activity has been detected in several cestodes (513, 772) but there is no evidence for an active beta-oxidation sequence in any species investigated to date. Somewhat surprisingly, however, some of the beta-oxidation enzymes have been... 

In the second stage, these numerous small molecules are degraded to a few simple units that play a central role in metabolism. In fact, most of them—sugars, fatty acids, glycerol, and several amino acids—are converted into the acetyl unit of acetyl CoA (Section 14.3.1). Some ATP is generated in this stage, but the amount is small compared with that obtained in the third stage. 

Fat splitting. The industrial production of fatty acids uses the direct reaction between water and fats, which proceeds rapidly at 250°C and 2-6 MPa (20-60 bar). Under these conditions, water is moderately soluble in the oil phase, and stepwise hydrolysis of the triacylglycerols proceeds without the aid of a catalyst. The reaction is carried out with a countercurrent of water that removes the glycerol formed, resulting in 99% conversion to fatty acids. Glycerol is recovered from the aqueous phase. Sonntag has reviewed industrial fat sphtting in detail (20). 

Lipids (fatty acids, glycerol lipids, and cholesterol) are vital nutrients that serve as an energy source, structural components of the living organisms, and essential to... 

Lipids are first hydrolyzed into glycerol and fatty acids, glycerol being converted to the glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate metabolite of glycolysis, while fatty acids are degraded to acetyl-CoA, which then enters the Krebs cycle. 

Complex (or polar) lipids give three or more products, such as fatty acids, glycerol, phosphoric acid, and an organic base. Typical complex lipids include the glycer-ophospholipids (phospholipids), glycoglycerohpids (ga-lactolipids), and the sphingolipids. A natural lipid mixture comprises different types (denoted as lipid classes) of simple and complex lipids. 

The metabolic breakdown of triacylglycerols begins with their hj drolysis in the stomach and small intestine to jdeld glycerol plus fatty acids. Glycerol is first phosphorylated by reaction with ATP and is then oxidized to yield glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, which enters the carbohydrate catabolic pathway. (Well discuss this in detail in Section 29.3.)... 

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