Fatty acid synthesis genes involved

Fig. 4. Modification of plant metabolic pathways for the synthesis of poly(3HAMCL) in peroxisomes. The pathways created or enhanced by the expression of transgenes (P. aeruginosa PHA synthase and C. lanceolata decanoyl-ACP thioesterase) and of mutant alleles of plant fatty acid desaturase genes are highlighted by bold arrows and the enzymes involved underlined...

Finally, a high carbohydrate diet results in activation of a protein that regulates transcription of genes that express enzymes involved in the process of fatty acid synthesis (Figure 11.8(c)). 

How complex can the proteome of hydrogenosomes in T. vaginalis be expected to be Trichomonad hydrogenosomes have lost many standard metabolic capacities of mitochondria like—and consequently most of the proteins involved in—the tricarboxylic cycle, membrane-bound electron transport and ATP-production (Muller 1993), or fatty acid synthesis (Beach et al. 1990). Because of the absence of a genome (Clemens and Johnson 2000) the complex machineries of DNA replication and repair, gene transcription and protein synthesis are also absent from these organelles. On the other hand, experimental evidence exists for only a small number of metabolic... 

PPAR is a nuclear receptor-transcription factor and is ligand-dependent and expressed in several tissues. It is initially involved in adipocyte differentiation and fatty acid synthesis. Fatty acid and eicosanoids bind to PPAR and regulate transcription. PPAR activation inhibits monocyte differentiation and expression of several pro-inflammatory genes such as iNOS, TNF, etc. PPAR activation inhibits tumor cell proliferation (epithelial, colon, prostate). PPAR is involved in angiogenesis. 

Accumulating evidence indicates that SREBP-lc mediates the effect of insulin on transcriptional activation of genes involved in fatty acid synthesis (Horton et ah, 2002 Shimomura et al., 1999 Foretz et al., 1999). When mice are fed with a fat free high-carbohydrate diet, the liver SCD mRNA is induced about 50 fold (Ntambi, 1995 Sessler and Ntambi, 1998), however, the induction is blunted when SREBPl-c is disrupted. Because SDC and D6D mRNA expression were diminished in diabetic rats, and restored by insulin administration (Waters and Ntambi, 1994), the insulin effect on the desaturase genes is likely to be mediated by SREBP-lc. Studies with primary culture rat hepatocytes showed that the expression of a dominant negative SREBPl-c blocked the effect of insulin on the transcriptional activation of SCD, whereas expression of a dominant positive SREBPl-c mimicked the insulin effect (Foretz et al.,... 

The final step in each round of fatty acyl elongation in E. coli is the NADH-dependent reduction of the trans double bond, catalyzed by the homotetrameric (subunit mass of 29 kDa) NADH-dependent enoyl-ACP reductase I (encoded by fabl). The Fabl amino acid sequence is similar (34% identical) to the product of a gene (called inhA) from mycobacteria. InhA is involved in mycolic acid biosynthesis (A. Banerjee, 1994). The synthesis of these unusual 70-80 carbon mycobacterial acids requires a pathway composed of enzymes essentially identical to those of fatty acid synthesis. Missense mutations within the inhA gene result in resistance to the anti-tuberculosis drugs, isoniazid and ethionamide. The crystal structures of Fabl and InhA have been solved, and are virtually superimposable for most... 

Maeo, K Tokuda, T. Ayame, A. Mitsui, N. Kawai, T. Tsukagoshi, H. Ishiguro, S. Nakamura, K. (2009). An AP2-typ>e transcription factor, WRINKLEDl, of Arabidopsis thaliana binds to the AW-box sequence conserved among proximal upstream regions of genes involved in fatty acid synthesis. Plant Journal, Vol.60, No.3, Quly 2009), pp. 476-487, ISSN 0960-7412... 

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