Fat plasticity

Chilliard, Y., Ferlay, A., Mansbridge, R.M. and Doreau, M. (2000) Ruminant milk fat plasticity nutritional control of saturated, polyunsaturated, trans and conjugated fatty acids. Ann. Zootech., 49, 181-205. 

MAJOR USES Used in the production of captan, pesticides, resins, oils, fats, plasticizers, surfactants, copolymers and malathion. 

An extensive new Section 10 is devoted to polymers, rubbers, fats, oils, and waxes. A discussion of polymers and rubbers is followed by the formulas and key properties of plastic materials. Eor each member and type of the plastic families there is a tabulation of their physical, electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties and characteristics. A similar treatment is accorded the various types of rubber materials. Chemical resistance and gas permeability constants are also given for rubbers and plastics. The section concludes with various constants of fats, oils, and waxes. 

Most higher alcohols of commercial importance are primary alcohols secondary alcohols have more limited specialty uses. Detergent range alcohols are apt to be straight chain materials and are made either from natural fats and oils or by petrochemical processes. The plasticizer range alcohols are more likely to be branched chain materials and are made primarily by petrochemical processes. Whereas alcohols made from natural fats and oils are always linear, some petrochemical processes produce linear alcohols and others do not. Industrial manufacturing processes are discussed in Synthetic processes. 

Most manufacturers sell a portion of their alcohol product on the merchant market, retaining a portion for internal use, typically for the manufacture of plasticizers. Sterling Chemicals linear alcohol of 7, 9, and 11 carbons is all used captively. Plasticizer range linear alcohols derived from natural fats and oils, for instance, octanol and decanol derived from coconut oil and 2-octanol derived from castor oil, are of only minor importance in the marketplace. 

Large quantities of fat are used from the fast food industry these fats may have dissolved plastics from restaurant wrappers which can restrict spray no22le orifices as the fats cool duting sprayiag on pet foods (see Fats and fatty oils). 

CPA. Copolymer alloy membranes (CPAs) are made by alloying high molecular weight polymeries, plasticizers, special stabilizers, biocides, and antioxidants with poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC). The membrane is typically reinforced with polyester and comes in finished thicknesses of 0.75—1.5 mm and widths of 1.5—1.8 m. The primary installation method is mechanically fastened, but some fully adhered systems are also possible. The CPA membranes can exhibit long-term flexibiHty by alleviating migration of the polymeric plasticizers, and are chemically resistant and compatible with many oils and greases, animal fats, asphalt, and coal-tar pitch. The physical characteristics of a CPA membrane have been described (15). 

Chlorinated paraffins are versatile materials and are used in widely differing appHcations. As cost-effective plasticizers, they are employed in plastics particularly PVC, mbbers, surface coatings, adhesives, and sealants. Where required they impart the additional features of fire retardance, and chemical and water resistance. In conjunction with antimony trioxide, they constitute one of the most cost-effective fire-retardant systems for polymeric materials, textiles, surface coatings, and paper products. Chlorinated paraffins are also employed as components in fat Hquors used in the leather industry, as extreme pressure additives in metal-working lubricants, and as solvents in carbonless copying paper. 

Siace there are ao solveat-soluble FD C colors, FD C lakes have provea particularly valuable for coloring water-repelliag foods such as fats, gums, waxes, and oils, and for coloring food-packagiag materials including lacquers, containers, plastic films, and inks from which soluble dyes would be quickly leached. Similarly useful appHcations have been found for D C and Ext. D C lakes ia their respective areas of appHcatioa. 

Transesterification has a number of important commercial uses. Methyl esters of fatty acids are produced from fats and oils. Transesterification is also the basis of recycling technology to break up poly(ethylene terephthalate) [25038-59-9] to monomer for reuse (29) (see Recycling, plastics). Because vinyl alcohol does not exist, poly(vinyl alcohol) [9002-89-5] is produced commercially by base-cataly2ed alcoholysis of poly(vinyl acetate) [9003-20-7] (see Vinyl polymers). An industrial example of acidolysis is the reaction of poly(vinyl acetate) with butyric acid to form poly(vinyl butyrate) [24991-31-9]. 

The concentration of acid impurities is an important indication of the quality of petroleum products and the purity of organic solvents, plasticizers, mineral oils, food fats, and polymers. Methods are used to detect organic acids in such compounds have many disadvantages the alkalimetry - low sensitivity, especially in the determination of weak acids, the extraction-photometric method is laborious, instmmental methods are expensive. In addition, most of methods are commonly unsuitable for direct analysis. 

Health Hazards Information - Recommended Personal Protective Equipment Plastic gloves, goggles Symptoms Following Exposure Liquid causes eye injury and de-fats the skin, causing irritation General Treatment for Exposure Flush eyes with water for at least 15 min. Wash skin well with water. Get medical attention Toxicity by Inhalation (Threshold Limit Value) Not pertinent Short-Term Exposure Umits Not pertinent Toxicity by Ingestion Grade 1 5 -15 g/J/kg (rat) Late Toxicity Data not available Vapor (Gas) Irritant Characteristics none Liquid or Solid Irritant Characteristics Liquid causes injury. Contact with skin may cause irritation Odor Threshold Not pertinent. 

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