Fat intake

Fatigue testing Fat intake Fadiquoring Fat metabolism Fat replacers Fats... 

A USDA report indicates that between 1967 and 1988, butter consumption remained stable at 2 kg per capita, margarine dropped from 5.1 to 4.7 kg, and measured total fat intake per day dropped from 84.6 to 73.3 g (14). This study also projects that the reduced consumption of tropical oils is only temporary and will return to former use levels, possibly even higher. One reason for this projected rise in tropical oil consumption is the knowledge of the beneficial effects of medium-chain length acids high in lauric oils. There is a keen interest in omega-3 fatty acids, as well as linoleic acid, contained in fish oils. 

Fat Replacers. Eat has a ubiquitous presence in food and provides unique flavor, mouthfeel, and functional effects. At 9 kcal/g (38 kj/g), fat can be a principal source of dietary calories, and excessive consumption has been correlated with the incidence of chronic disease and morbidity. Health officials have strongly urged consumers to reduce fat intake to no more than 30% of daily calories. Therefore, a demand for low fat versions of high fat foods has developed. Eat replacers (qv) are the ingredients that make these foods possible. 

Vitamin Deficiency. Vitamin deficiency is uncommon in normal adults. However, when it does occur, it can be serious, particularly in pregnant women. Some vitamin deficiency can occur because of a large reduction of fat intake, which decreases absorption. Strict vegetarians also risk reduced vitamin intake. Premature infants and elderly people who are exposed to minimal sunlight and consume Htde vitamin also have a reduced capacity to metabolize and can develop vitamin deficiency. 

Tataranni, P. A., and Ravussin, E., 1997. Effect of fat intake on energy balance. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 819 37—43. 

Answers questions and offers suggestions for ways to reduce dietary fat intake. 

The general recommendations on energy and fat intake are similar to those for the avoidance of heart disease. However, the recommendation to consume a variety of fruits and vegetables is based partly on the putative presence of diverse protective factors in plant foods. This concept does provide, at least in principle, a rationale for the functional health benefits of plant foods beyond the simple provision of nutrients at a level that prevents symptoms of deficiency. 

Limit fat intake to less than 30% of total caloric consumption. 

Increased body mass index (especially in women) Higher dietary fat intake Light-colored irides Increased exposure to sunlight... 

Reduced dietary fat intake associated with high-fiber diets... 

A number of epidemiologic studies support an association between high fat intake and the risk of prostate cancer. A strong correlation between national per capita fat consumption and national prostate cancer mortality has been reported, and prospective case-control studies suggest that a high-fat diet doubles the risk of prostate cancer. 

The full effect of changes in coffee consumption on serum cholesterol does not occur as quickly as it does to changes in dietary fat intake. Typically, when a stable high-saturated fat diet is replaced with a stable low-saturated fat diet, the maximum changes in serum lipid levels are achieved in two to four weeks.29 30 The serum lipid response to changes in coffee consumption does not appear to reach its full effect until after four weeks or more. 

RG Crounse. Human pharmacology of griseofulvin. The effect of fat intake on gastrointestinal absorption. J Invest Dermatol 37 529-533, 1961. 

Familial lipoprotein lipase deficiency is characterized by a massive accumulation of chylomicrons and a corresponding increase in plasma triglycerides or a type I lipoprotein pattern. Presenting manifestations include repeated attacks of pancreatitis and abdominal pain, eruptive cutaneous xanthomatosis, and hepatosplenomegaly beginning in childhood. Symptom severity is proportional to dietary fat intake, and consequently to the elevation of chylomicrons. Accelerated atherosclerosis is not associated with this disease. 

Treatment of type I hyperlipoproteinemia is directed toward reduction of chylomicrons derived from dietary fat with the subsequent reduction in plasma triglycerides. Total daily fat intake should be no more than 10 to 25 g/day, or approximately 15% of total calories. Secondary causes of hypertriglyceridemia should be excluded, and, if present, the underlying disorder should be treated appropriately. 

Type V hyperlipoproteinemia requires stringent restriction of dietary fat intake. Drug therapy with fibrates or niacin is indicated if the response to diet alone is inadequate. Medium-chain triglycerides, which are absorbed without chylomicron formation, may be used as a dietary supplement for caloric intake if needed for both types I and V. 

Environmental factors include reduced physical activity or work abundant and readily available food supply increased fat intake increased consumption of refined simple sugars and decreased ingestion of vegetables and fruits. 

Most of our fat intake will consist of fatty acids with an even number of carbon atoms, but not all dietary fatty acids nor all those synthesized in the liver are saturated. A variable, but probably not inconsiderable, proportion of dietary fatty acids are unsaturated, partly perhaps because a high intake of unsaturated fat is recommended to help reduce the risk for diseases of the heart and vascular system. Unsaturated and odd-numbered fatty acids pose particular chemical problems to the 3-oxidation pathway and additional enzymes are required for their metabolism. 

At elevated temperatures, extremes in pH, and/or moisture, the dipeptide sweetner aspartame is converted into cyclo(Asp-Phe). The dehydro derivatives of cyclo(Phe-Phe) were found to inhibit cell division, while cyclo(Asp-Pro) caused inhibition of dietary fat intake. ... 

Obesity 1 High fat intake High meat intake... 

Reduction of weight, dietary fat intake, alcohol intake, and dose may reverse the effects on serum triglycerides, allowing patients to continue therapy. Musculoskeletal effects In a clinical trial (N = 217) of a single course of therapy for isotretinoin, 7.9% of patients had decreases in lumbar spine bone mineral density greater than 4%, and 10.6% of patients had decreases in total hip bone mineral density greater than 5%. 

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