Fascicle

Pharmeuropa is available by annual subscription in English and Frendi from the Council of Europe and is published four times per year. Like the U SP s Pharmacopoeial Forum it contains draft monographs for comment, official announcements, scientific notes and the contents to the fascicles issued by the EP for EP website see Table 8.4. 

Peripheral neuropathies maybe widely disseminated or focal. Patients with disseminated polyneuropathy, whether demyelinative or axonal, usually demonstrate distal sensory and/or motor impairment. Multifocal neuropathy, also referred to as mononeuropathy multiplex, is often a consequence of lesions affecting the vasa nervorum, the blood vessels that supply peripheral nerves. The most common diseases to compromise the vasa nervorum and cause infarction of nerve fascicles are diabetes mellitus and periarteritis nodosa. Other frequent causes of mononeuropathy multiplex include infection (e.g. Lyme disease and leprosy) and multiple compression injury (e.g. bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome). When mononeuropathy... 

Lees Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 21 862-863 Left atrium, 5 79, 80 Left posterior fascicle, 5 80 Left ventricle, 5 79, 80 Legal actions, patent-related, 75 186 Legal aspects, of standardization,... 

The muscle is composed of subunits called fascicles. The entire muscle and subunits with several fascicles are often surrounded by layers of connective tissue or fatty tissue. Fascicles are bundles of individual muscle fibres. Each fibre is one elongated cell that may extend for the length of the muscle. Each muscle fibre cell is segmented into distinct sectional bands. In contrast to most other tissues, cells of skeletal musculature have several nuclei. Within each muscle cell are numerous myofibrils, which also extend for the length of the muscle cell. Sarcomeres are the basic contractile subunit of myofibrils. 

Fig. 2. Macroscopic and microscopic structure of muscle (a) Entire muscle and its cross-section with fatty septa, (b) Fascicle with several muscle fibres (cells). A layer of fat along the fascicle is indicated, (c) Striated myofibre corresponding with one single muscle cell containing several nuclei. The lengths of a myofibre can be several tens of centimetres, (d) Myofibril inside a myocyte. It is one contractile element and contains actin and myosin and further proteins important for the muscular function, (e) Electron myograph of human skeletal muscle showing the band structure caused by the contractile myofilaments in the sarcomeres. One nucleus (Nu) and small glycogen granules (arrow, size <0.1 pm) are indicated.

Needle length and litter production furnish another important measure of biomass decrease. In field studies, it was found that the average amount of litter production increased with decreasing ozone injuiy of selected ponderosa and Jeffrey pines (r - 0.55) and that the average mass of needles per fascicle increased with decreasing ozone injuiy (r = 0.%). ... 

Carter, D., and J. C. Eggleston (1980). Tumors of the Lower Respiratory Tract. Fascicle 17 Second Series. Atlas of Tumor Pathology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington, DC. 

Asci stand at the same height in a fascicle perithecia extramatrical. Order Perisporales (Erysiphales)... 

Diadelphous Anthers united by the filaments into two bundles or fascicles per flower. 

Fig. 20.5. Femoral nerve dissection. The motor and sensory branches of the femoral nerve are exposed. The mouse is supine and the right hip is shown (forceps are retracting the abdominal wall, A, P, M, L are anterior, posterior, medial, and lateral respectively, H is hamstring muscles). Some adipose tissue has been removed for clarity. The motor branch of the femoral nerve innervates the quadriceps (Q). The sensory branch becomes the saphenous nerve, which runs adjacent to the saphenous vein (Saph) on the medial side of the thigh. Dissecting the nerve where the tick marks provides a reasonable length of nerve to work with. Note the sensory branch sometimes runs as two fascicles and both should be taken to get reproducible counts. The scale bar is 2 mm. (Color figure is available online).

Another electrode type takes into consideration that the nerve fibers are organized in bundles. In the case of SPINE ( slowly penetrating interfascicular nerve electrode ), small silicone pads with platinum foil electrodes inserts incorporated vertically [37] (Fig. 5) or radially into the nerves between the nerve fascicles. 

Tendon and ligament Epitendineum Fascicle Covers surface Separates units... 

Tendons and ligaments are made up of units termed fascicles that are bound into functional units by a sheath termed epitendineum (Figure 3.22). Individual fascicles are composed of rows of fibroblasts that alternate with bundles of collagen fibrils parallel to the tendon axis. These structures are normally loaded in tension to maintain joint stability. 

Figure 3.28. Diagram illustrating the structural hierarchy in tendon. Collagen molecules (left) form microfibrils (not shown) that make up collagen fibrils, fibers, fascicles, and tendon units.

Figure 5.12. Lateral fusion of collagen fibrils during fascicle development of chick extensor tendon. Transmission electron micrograph showing the lateral fusion of collagen fibrils at day 17 of chick embryogenesis. Note that the demarcation between collagen fibrils (arrows) is less clear compared to the cross section shown at day 14 (Figure 5.11). Several fibrils appear to be in the process of fusion generating fibrils with irregular cross sections. The fibril bundle (fiber) diameter is still about 2 pm before fusion similar to that observed on day 14 (see Silver et al., 2003).

After the last experiments, the rats are euthanized by injection of an overdose of pentobarbital and then perfused intracardially with a phosphate-buffered 2.0% paraformadehyde - 2.5% glutaraldehyde fixative. Methyl green solution was injected to confirm the location of the catheter after the perfusion. The spinal cord and nerve roots were dissected out and immersed in the same fixative for 4 h. Two specimens (10 mm rostral and caudal to the conus medullaris from each rat were postfixed with cacodylate-buffered 1 % osmium tetroxide dehydrated in a series of graded alcohol solutions, and embedded in epoxy resin. From the embedded tissue, 1-pm transverse sections were obtained and stained with toluidine blue dyes. Sections obtained from 10 mm rostral to the conus (caudal spinal cord) were used for qualitative evaluation. Quantitative analysis of nerve injury was performed using the sections obtained form 10 mm caudal to the conus. Each fascicle present in the cross section was assigned to an injury score 0 to 3. The injury score for each cross section was then calculated as the average score of all fascicles present in the cross section. 

Figure 30.2. Peripheral nerve. This diagram shows a peripheral nerve in cross section. The nerve contains three bundles (fascicles), with each fascicle containing a mixture of myelinated and unmyelinated axons. (From H. H. Schaumburg et al. Disorders of Peripheral Nerves, F.A. Davis Co., Philadelphia, 1983.)...

Mostofi, F.K., and E.B. Price. 1973. Tumours of the testis, Leydig cell tumor. Pp 86-99 in Tumours of the Male Genital System. Reprinted 1987. Fascicle 8, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology. 

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