Ligaments fascicles

Tendon and ligament Epitendineum Fascicle Covers surface Separates units... 

Tendons and ligaments are made up of units termed fascicles that are bound into functional units by a sheath termed epitendineum (Figure 3.22). Individual fascicles are composed of rows of fibroblasts that alternate with bundles of collagen fibrils parallel to the tendon axis. These structures are normally loaded in tension to maintain joint stability. 

Butler, D.L., Kay, M.D. and Stouffer, D.C. (1986) Comparison of material properties in fascicle-bone units from human patellar tendon and knee ligaments. Journal of Biomechanics, 19(6), 425-32. 

The microarchitecture of the ACL is also complex and allows the ligament to withstand different stresses and strains. It is composed of multiple fascicles surrounded by the paratenon. Each fascicle is composed of 3-20 subfasdculi that are enclosed by the epitenon. The subfasciculi themselves are made of subunits, again surrounded by connective tissue called the endo-tenon.The subunits are made of coUagen fibrils of two types, small and large. 

Haut, R.C. The mechanical and viscoelastic properties of the anterior craciate ligament and of ACL fascicles. In Jackson, D.W. (ed.) The Anterior Cruciate Ligament, p. 63. Raven... 

Fig.l0.91a,b. Schwannoma of the median nerve, a Longitudinal reconstructed and b transverse 10-5 MHz US images over the carpal tunnel demonstrate an elongated hypoechoic mass (arrows) in continuity with the median nerve (MN) in a patient presenting with soft-tissue swelling over the ventral wrist and mild symptoms related to carpal tunnel disease. The bulk of the tumor develops proximal to the transverse carpal ligament sparing some fascicles of the nerve (arrowheads), ft, flexor tendons I, lunate R, radius... 

The foot and ankle complex (Figure 11.2) comprises 26 bones within the foot, which are non-sesamoid bones (sesamoid bones vary in quantity and location from person to person), two bones of the lower leg, and approximately 109 ligament and fascicle groups spanning these 28 bones [1],... 

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