Farben

Ma.nufa.cture. AU. manufacturers of butynediol use formaldehyde ethynylation processes. The earliest entrant was BASF, which, as successor to I. G. Farben, continued operations at Ludwigshafen, FRG, after World War II. Later BASF also set up a U.S. plant at Geismar, La. The first company to manufacture in the United States was GAF in 1956 at Calvert City, Ky., and later at Texas City, Tex., and Seadrift, Tex. The most recent U.S. manufacturer is Du Pont, which went on stream at La Porte, Tex., about 1969. Joint ventures of GAF and Hbls in Mad, Germany, and of Du Pont and Idemitsu in Chiba, Japan, are the newest producers. 

Processes rendered obsolete by the propylene ammoxidation process (51) include the ethylene cyanohydrin process (52—54) practiced commercially by American Cyanamid and Union Carbide in the United States and by I. G. Farben in Germany. The process involved the production of ethylene cyanohydrin by the base-cataly2ed addition of HCN to ethylene oxide in the liquid phase at about 60°C. A typical base catalyst used in this step was diethylamine. This was followed by liquid-phase or vapor-phase dehydration of the cyanohydrin. The Hquid-phase dehydration was performed at about 200°C using alkah metal or alkaline earth metal salts of organic acids, primarily formates and magnesium carbonate. Vapor-phase dehydration was accomphshed over alumina at about 250°C. 

Rowley, Utah American Magnesium Co. 13.6 1977 modified IG Farben magnesium 9... 

Titanium Metals Corp. of America Henderson, Nev. Vulcan Chemicals 1943 LG. Farben magnesium 9... 

The spray dried MgCl2 powder is melted ia large reactors and further purified with chlorine and other reactants to remove magnesium oxide, water, bromine [7726-95-6], residual sulfate, and heavy metals (27,28). The molten MgCl2 is then fed to the electrolytic cells which are essentially a modification of the LG. Farben cell. Only a part of the chlorine produced is required for chlorination, leaving up to 1 kg of chlorine per kg of magnesium produced. This by-product chlorine is available for sale. 

First developed in Germany by I. G. Farben (W. Reppe) during the 1930s, PVP was subsequentiy widely used in Germany as a blood-plasma substitute and extender during World War II (69). In the United States, it has been manufactured since 1956 by ISP, and more recentiy by BASF. 

Caprolactam was first successfully polymerized to Pedon in 1938 by I. G. Farben and the associated technology was acquired as a part of postwar reparations by the Western AUies and the former USSR (1). By 1965 other countries, eg, Italy and Japan, had developed their own caprolactam processes, each involving nitrosation of an aUphatic ring. 

LG. Farben Industries, Keports of the Intermediate Products Commission, PB-17658, National Technical Information Service, Springfield, Va., 1935-1936, frames 2247-2256. 

Dyeing of Paper, Bayer Farben Revue, Special Ed. No. 4/1, 1974. 

Isobutjiene was first polymerized ia 1873. High molecular weight polymer was later synthesized at I. G. Farben by decreasiag the polymerization temperature to —75°, but the saturated, unreactive polymer could not be cross-linked iato a useful synthetic elastomer. It was not until 1937 that poly(isobutylene- (9-isoprene) [9010-85-9] or butyl mbber was iavented at the Standard Oil Development Co. (now Exxon Chemical Co.) laboratories (1). 

About 1930 I.G. Farben, in Germany, first produced polystyrene, whilst at the same time the Dow Chemical Company commenced their ultimately successful development of the material. 

Although first prepared about 1930 by scientists at the German chemical company of IG Farben the early products showed no properties meriting production on technical grounds. However, towards the end of the 1930s commercial production of the copolymer commenced in Germany as Buna S. (The term Buna arose from the fact that the early polymers of butadiene were made by sodium (Na) catalysed... 

Commercial interest in poly(vinyl chloride) was revealed in a number of patents independently filed in 1928 by the Carbide and Carbon Chemical Corporaration, Du Pont and IG Farben. In each case the patents dealt with vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymers. This was because the homopolymer could only be processed in the melt state at temperatures where high decomposition rates occurred. In comparison the copolymers, which could be processed at much lower temperatures, were less affected by processing operations. 

The high thermal stability of the carbon-fluorine bond has led to considerable interest in fluorine-containing polymers as heat-resistant plastics and rubbers. The first patents, taken out by IG Farben in 1934, related to polychlorotri-fluoroethylene (PCTFE) (Figure 13.1 (a)), these materials being subsequently manufactured in Germany and the United States. PCTFE has been of limited application and it was the discovery of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) (Figure... 

I German Patent, 677,071 French Patent, 796, 026 British Patent, 465, 520 (IG Farben)... 

Copolymers of vinylidene chloride with 5-50% acrylonitrile were investigated by IG Farben during World War II and found to be promising for cast films. Early patents by ICC and Dow indicated that the copolymers were rigid, transparent and with a high impact strength. 

In the so-called Dormagen process developed by IG Farben the cotton was first preheated with 30-40% of its own weight with glacial acetic acid for 1-2 hours. The pretreated material was then fed to the acetylisers, which consisted of horizontal bronze cylinders. For every 100 parts of pretreated cellulose there was added the following acetylating mixture, previously cooled to 15-20°C ... 

The commercial interest in epoxide (epoxy) resins was first made apparent by the publication of German Patent 676117 by I G Farben in 1939 which described liquid polyepoxides. In 1943 P. Castan filed US Patent 2 324483, covering the curing of the resins with dibasic acids. This important process was subsequently exploited by the Ciba Company. A later patent of Castan covered the hardening of epoxide resins with alkaline catalysts used in the range 0.1-5% This patent, however, became of somewhat restricted value as the important amine hardeners are usually used in quantities higher than 5%. 

AschfaU, m. ashpit, cinder pit. asch-farben, a. ash-eolored, ashy, -grau, a. ash- ay. 

Blei-erz, n. lead ore. -essig, m. vinegar of lead (aqueous solution of basic lead acetate). -extrakt, m. Bleiessig. -fahlerz, n. bour-nonite. -farbe, /. lead color, blei-farben, -farbig, a. lead-colored. 

Bcht-base,/. (Dyeing) fast color base, -baum-wollblau, n. fast cotton blue, -blau, n. fast blue, -braun, n. fast brown, -farben, n. fast dyeing. 

Erdfarbe,/. earthy color, mineral color, erd-farbig, -farben, a. earth-colored, -feucht, a. moist (like damp earth). 

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