Falls general

The specific gravities of crudes fall generally between 0.800 and 1.000 as shown in Table 8.1, even though crudes having specific gravities outside this range exist 0.787 (48.2° API) for crudes in Barrow South, Alaska, USA and Santa Rosa, Venezuela and 1.028 (6° API) for the crude from Bradley Canyon, California, USA. 

Energy audits are classified according to the client served, falling generally under the categories of residential, industrial, and commercial. Commercial audits include public and semipublic buildings like schools and hospitals and are sometimes referred to as institutional audits. 

The metal catalyzed production of polyolefins such as high density polyethylene (HDPE), linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) and polypropylene (PP) has grown into an enormous industry. Heterogeneous transition metal catalysts are used for the vast majority of PE and all of the PP production. These catalysts fall generally within two broad classes. Most commercial PP is isotactic and is produced with a catalyst based on a combination of titanium chloride and alkylaluminum chlorides. HDPE and LLDPE are produced with either a titanium catalyst or one based on chromium supported on silica. Most commercial titanium-based PE catalysts are supported on MgCl2. 

Because cyclohexane exists in the chair form, the C-H bonds of the methylene groups are nonequivalent. There are two types of valences on each CH2 group. One type is perpendicular to a plane loosely defined by the ring carbons and is called axial. The second type falls generally in the plane loosely defined by the ring carbons and is termed equatorial. These are shown both in combination and individually. 

The data listed in Table 4.1 show that sputtered particles from clean metal surfaces are predominantly neutral. As we have seen in Section 4.2, sputter yields fall generally in the range of 1 to 10, whereas the yields of secondary ions - the product of Y and R - are almost all below 0.01 for metallic samples hence, typically 99% of the sputtered particles from metals are neutral. The major advantage of SNMS is that the signal intensity of secondary neutrals is [compare Eq. (4-1)] ... 

The reaction of the transition-metal fragments with main group 15 elements directly has proven a very fruitful field for exploration. The methodology has been successful for a wide range of metal complexes. These fall generally into three basic types (1) reactions with cyclopentadienyl metal carbonyls, (2) reactions with homoleptic metal carbonyls and substituted derivatives, and (3) reactions with metal cations in the presence of a multi-dentate chelating ligand. 

Some other important aspects of boric acid chemistry are summarized in Fig. 5-26. Among these is the formation of borate esters [B(OR)3, R = alkyl or aryl], usually obtained as colorless liquids, on treatment with alcohols and H2S04. The vast literature on these compounds falls generally within the purview of organic chemistry, and will not be developed here however, it will be noted that a well-known qualitative test for boron involves treatment of the sample with methanol to form B(OMe)3, which produces a bright green color in a Bunsen burner flame. A major early discovery in this area was the synthesis of boronic acids by E. Frankland in 1862, via partial oxidation of trialkylboranes, with subsequent hydrolysis of the ester ... 

It is interesting to note that the atomic C/H values of coals fall generally into the range of 1.16-1.26 which would correspond to 3 aromatic rings per average aromatic unit in coals if coal followed the... 

IBS symptoms fall generally into one of three types ... 

Concentrations of total octalins are plotted in Fig. 6 as a function of conversion beyond the tetralin stage. The sharp drop in octalin content in early stages of the reaction is largely due to easy saturation of octalins other than A i -octalin. Extrapolation toward zero conversion suggests that most or all of the decalins have octalin precursors. The curves fall generally into two families depending on the rates of saturation of the octalins relative to tetralin. With rhodium, and to a lesser extent with ruthenium, the lined-out concentration remains high, due primarily to the accumulation of A -i -octalin. With palladium, platinum, and iridium, the initial octalin concentrations fall precipitously and line out at low values because all octalin isomers are adsorbed and saturated rapidly relative to tetralin. 

When the electric field E in the colloid is uniform, the conductivities can be simply determined from the measured current densities I, as a = I/E. The transition from LC into the IC regime can be somewhat arbitrarily set at a, = 10- n lm-l LC colloids can be prepared by chemical attachment to the particles of charge control agent (cca) or other ionizable species or by irreversible physical adsorption of cca onto particle surfaces. Typical physically adsorbed colloids will have some cca remaining in solution at dynamic equilibrium and, as a result, will fall generally into the category of IC colloids. 

Most of plastics used in composite building materials have MFI that fall generally between 0.15 and 50 g/10 min, the range that is considered by ASTM D 1238 ( Procedure A ). Plastics that have MFI below 1 g/10 min (MFI 1.0) are commonly called fractional melt plastics. 

The principles that we have just reviewed also apply to other types of selective membranes (48, 50-59). They fall generally into two categories. 

The specific methods for controlling these mercury releases vary widely, depending upon local circumstances, but fall generally into four groups ... 

There is a considerable literature on atomic absorption interferences, which fall generally into three types, and can be controlled to some extent by choosing the proper sampling system. The three forms of interference are classifiable as chemical, ionization, and Tbulk, or matrix. ... 

Paper chemicals fall generally into two categories process chemicals which support the production of paper (e.g. slimicides, defoamers, drainage/retention aids and others like machine clothing cleaners, which are not covered by this book) and performance (or functional) chemicals. The latter are used to improve paper properties such as dry strength, wet strength, colour, hydrophobicity and the ease with which it can be printed upon. 

Any intrinsic property that influences the conductivity of an electrodematerials system, or an external stimulus, can be studied by IS. The parameters derived from an IS spectrum fall generally into two categories (a) those pertinent only to the material itself, such as conductivity, dielectric constant, mobilities of charges, equilibrium concentrations of the charged species, and bulk generation-recombination rates and (b) those pertinent to an electrode-material interface, such as adsorption-reaction rate constants, capacitance of the interface region, and diffusion coefficient of neutral species in the electrode itself. 

Preassessment is the first step in the ECDA process. All pertinent historical information is compiled, falling generally into five categories [19] ... 

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