Failure controller

Operators also need to test flame failure controls, check the fuel delivery equipment (pumps, fuel lines, regulators, etc.), and keep adequate fuel consumption records. 

Marshall, P. and Price, J. (1991). Fiber/matrix interface failure controlled by a critical energy criterion. Composites. 22, 445-447. 

Oral verapamil may precipitate heart failure. Control patients with milder ventricular dysfunction with digitalis or diuretics before verapamil, if possible. 

External" hazards fire, electricity failure, control failure. 

More Flow Line fracture Pump seal failure Control fault Spillage (possible large explosion) Spillage (possible small explosion) Consider bypass... 

For disturbances that can be foreseen, it is preferred that the hazards-controlling objectives be placed near their origin (i.e., entry point of an input), in order to mitigate the effect of the disturbance before it has the opportunity to be amplified (see example in the diagram of Fig 15). Foreseen disturbances enter the process through the set of external variables or inputs. These include pump failures, valve failures, controller malfunctions, etc. 

Provide safety and alarm devices, such as fire-alarm systems, combustible-vapor detectors, flame arresters, pressure-relief venting of equipment, flame-failure controls for oil- and gas-fired equipment. 

Road/rail defects External events Navigational failures Control system failures Incorrect ballasting/balancing... 

The tensile behavior of minicomposites was correlated with microstructure features. Trends for Hi-Nicalon S fiber reinforced minicomposites are similar to those observed with earlier generations of SiC fibers (namely Nicalon and Hi-Nicalon) weak interfaces, limited matrix cracking and ultimate failure controlled by tows. A different trend was observed on the SA3 fiber reinforced minicomposites stronger interfaces, premature failure attributed to non uniform fiber/matrix bonding, and ultimate failure is not controlled by tows. This behavior was changed after heat treatments which caused fiber/matrix bond release, leading to a composite response with ultimate failure controlled by tows. 

Level 2 Control of abnormal operation and detection of failures Control, limiting and protection systems and other surveillance features... 

It is important to recognize that an ICD should be considered for long-term rhythm management, not for acute treatment. As such, patients should not undergo implant of an ICD if ventricular arrhythmias are incessant or frequent or if supraventricular tachyarrhythmias are not well controlled. Any patient for whom an ICD implant is considered should have myocardial ischemia and heart failure controlled as best possible first. All other potential complicating medical problems should be addressed before delving into an implant. 

Hazardous substances released from plants could cause serious problems to plant employees as well as to the nearby public. The release could be due to accidents (human error), instrument failure, control failure, and natural calamities or through deliberate acts of vandalism, terrorism, or sabotage. The application of inherent security can help in two ways (1) by reducing the likelihood that a facility will be targeted and (2) by minimizing the severity of an incident should an attack occur. Similar to inherent safety principles, one can consider a set of guidelines for inherent security ... 

Sulfide stress cracking (SSC), a form of hydrogen embrittlement, is a serious problem in the oil industry because of the potentially catastrophic nature of a failure of high strength carbon steel casing, tubing, or surface equipment. Inhibition is not a reliable means to prevent SSC because treatment interruptions could lead to failure. Control of SSC is accomplished by carefiil specification and quality control of equipment for sour wells. Materials that are acceptable for service in sour enviromnents are defined in NACE Standard MR0175. This standard is updated annually. 

Types of chemicals and their hazards Facilities for installations, accessibility Isolation and maintenance facility Critical components and controls Interface hazards Equipment failure Control failure/hackup control Environmental hazards... 

Lack of work on part of operator or not trained properly Procedure modification to face emergency Equipment failure Control system failure Interlock failure without fallback Utility failure or disturbances Environmental effect External factors Human error Multiple failures... 

Identification of potential failure Control measures and reduction of failure... 

Systematic safety integrity issues including avoidance of failures, control of systematic faults, system behavior on fault detection, and proven equipment issue. 

Are all oil and gas-fired devices equipped with flame failure controls to prevent flow of fuel if pilots or main burners are not working ... 

Although many different diseases can induce chronic renal disease, which in turn may result in terminal renal failure, there is no established cure for this condition. Therefore, once a patient has developed chronic renal failure, control and prevention of disease iHOgression and aggravation is critically important. 

Fire of fuel tanker (oiler) Operation Fire Fuel tanker (oiler) Oil Improper drain Id Failure control (drain without bonding fire), human error... 

Burners NGL Physical damage (corrosion) of burner tubes Failure control... 

High gas compression Gas Fuel accumulation Physical damage, Loss of containment 7d Control failure Control failure... 

Measures or implemented safety mechanisms cost money, resources and development time, which are always difficult to be aware of, if it is not planned ahead of the development of an entire system. It is even more difficult if such components are run in ASIL decomposition. In this case there may be three parties involved, which have to come to an agreement for the failure control, the redundant parts and most likely a common element such as voter, comparator or similar. 

Timmins, P. F., Predictive Corrosion and Failure Control in Process Operations, Metals Park, Ohio, ASM International, 1996. 

The dimensioning procedure is based on the idea that a strengthening system can be divided into subcomponents to which one type of failure controlled by a single parameter can be associated. These parameters can be used in the formulae prescribed by design codes to calculate the capacities of components and hence determine the hierarchy of failure. The parameter values can be obtained via a number of sources producers specifications, recommended or limit values provided by codes, and, if any, laboratory and/or on-site tests. 

The suction scrubber of a gas compressor operates at 4000 kPaG. The liquid collected in the scrubber is discharged to a separator tank, which is open to the atmosphere, through a level-control valve installed on the liquid outlet line. In a particular situation of control valve failure (control valve goes fully... 

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