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Fabrics nonwoven materials

Materials produced from fibers and threads are classified as textile fabrics, nonwoven materials, fur fabric, carpets, and rugs, and so on. [1]. Textile fibers are the main raw material of the textile industry. According to their origin, these fibers are divided into natural and chemical ones. Natural fibers are plant (cotton, baste fibers), animal (wool, silk) and mineral (asbestos) origin ones. [Pg.139]

Within the plane of a nonwoven material, the fibers may be either completely isotropic or there may be a preferred fiber orientation or alignment usually with respect to a machine or processing direction. In the case of thicker dry-laid nonwovens, fiber orientation may be randomized in the third dimension, ie, that dimension which is perpendicular to the plane of the fabric, by a process known as needle-punching (7). This process serves to bind the fibers in the nonwoven by mechanical interlocking. [Pg.267]

Typical textile fibers have linear densities in the range of 0.33—1.66 tex (3 to 15 den). Fibers in the 0.33—0.66 tex (3—6 den) range are generally used in nonwoven materials as well as in woven and knitted fabrics for use in apparel. Coarser fibers are generally used in carpets, upholstery, and certain industrial textiles. A recent development in fiber technology is the category of microfibers, with linear densities <0.11 tex (1 den) and as low as 0.01 tex. These fibers, when properly spun into yams and subsequendy woven into fabrics, can produce textile fabrics that have excellent drape and softness properties as well as improved color clarity (16). [Pg.270]

Long-term exposure can be stopped using either soil or a nonwoven fabric to cover the membrane in a surface impoundment. Another option is to drape a heavy, nonwoven fabric with base anchors in it over the membrane. This nonwoven material is cheaper, safer, and more readily repaired than a soil cover. [Pg.1125]

Nonwoven cards, 17 499-500 Nonwoven fabrics, See also Nonwoven materials Nonwovens Nonwoven textile materials global demand for, 17 483t spunbonded, 17 460—494 staple-fiber, 17 495-518 Nonwoven finishing processes,... [Pg.634]

Nonwoven manufacturing, cotton, 3 18 Nonwoven materials, 24 620. See also Nonwoven fabrics Nonwoven processes, 17 496-497 Nonwovens. See also Nonwoven fabrics air-laid, 17 503 defined, 17 495-496 foam-bonded, 17 510 needled, 17 506, 507 thermal-bonded, 17 511-512 Nonwoven textile materials, 11 178-180 4-Nonylphenol (PNP), 2 225-226 health and safety data, 2 220t physical properties of, 2 205t Nonyl phenol, 10 429 8-Nonynoic acid, 5 34t... [Pg.634]

The islands-in-the-sea approach uses bico technology to extrude filaments that contain a multiplicity of small fibrils encased in a soluble matrix. After fiber processing and fabric formation, the matrix is dissolved away to leave behind the microfibers. Fibers with sub-micron diameters can be produced. The process is expensive, but luxurious fabrics and nonwoven materials such as Ultrasuede are made in this way. [Pg.429]

Nonwoven materials have also been developed for lithium-ion cells but have not been widely accepted, in part due to the difficulty in fabricating thin materials with good uniformity and high strength. Nonwoven separators have been used in button cells and bobbin cells when thicker separators and low discharge rates are acceptable. [Pg.185]

We will now discuss some examples where NIR spectroscopic imaging has been used to evaluate some materials of commercial interest. This will include examples from a variety of home/commercial product areas including fabric wetting, spray deposition, food composition and surfactant deposition on nonwoven materials. These examples will demonstrate both qualitative and quantitative uses of NIR spectral imaging for determining chemical distributions in nonhomogeneous materials. [Pg.178]

INDA, the Association of the Nonwoven Fabrics Industry, has published repellency test methods specifically designed for the nonwoven fabric structure. 1ST 80.5(01/ is designed to measure a nonwoven material s abihty to resist gravity-only penetration by a saline solution. This property is useful in assessing the degree of water repeUency needed by nonwovens in a number of applications. A sample of the nonwoven to be tested is placed in the mouth of a quart size Mason jar containing saline solution. The jar is then inverted and placed on an electric grid that senses when the solution has penetrated the nonwoven. The time to complete penetration is recorded as a measure of repellency. [Pg.118]

Once again, for further reading the book Nonwoven Fabrics - Raw Materials, Manufacture, Applications, Characteristics, Testing Processes [B.107] is recommended. [Pg.865]

Nonwoven materials are used extensively for drapes and cover cloths and are composed of films backed on either one side or both sides with nonwoven fabrics. The film is completely impermeable to bacteria while the nonwoven backing is highly absorbent to both body perspiration and secretions from the wound. Hydrophobic finishes may also be applied to the material in order to achieve the required bacteria barrier characteristics. The developments in surgical drapes have led to the use of loop-raised, warp-knitted polyester fabrics that are laminated back to back and contain micropo-rous PTFE films in the middle for permeability, comfort, and resistance to microbiological contaminants. [Pg.163]

Dryer softeners are placed in the tumble dryers along with the moist laundry. The most commonly used dryer softeners are made from sheets of polyurethane foam or nonwoven material impregnated with active matter, to act as a carrier [8]. U.S. Patent 5300238, European Patent Application 0544493 Al, and U.K. Patent Application GB 2240791 A give examples of fabric conditioning compositions produced by coating a flexible substrate for use in a mechanical dryer [26-28]. [Pg.185]


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