Extreme thermophile

The demonstration unit was later transported to the CECOS faciHty at Niagara Falls, New York. In tests performed in 1985, approximately 3400 L of a mixed waste containing 2-chlorophenol [95-57-8] nitrobenzene [98-95-3] and 1,1,2-trichloroethane [79-00-5] were processed over 145 operating hours 2-propanol was used as a supplemental fuel the temperature was maintained at 615 to 635°C. Another 95-h test was conducted on a PCB containing transformer waste. Very high destmction efficiencies were achieved for all compounds studied (17). A later bench-scale study, conducted at Smith Kline and French Laboratories in conjunction with Modar (18), showed that simulated chemical and biological wastes, a fermentation broth, and extreme thermophilic bacteria were all completely destroyed within detection limits. 

Metalloenzymes and Redox Proteins from Extremely Thermophilic Bacteria... 

Archaea belonging to the kingdom Crenarchaeota deserve attention. Although it has been assumed that these are extreme thermophiles, members of this group have been identified by molecular techniques in other habitats, for example, soils (Buckley et al. 1998), boreal forest soil (Jurgens et al. 1997), and in plant extracts (Simon et al. 2005). 

Mukund S, MWW Adams (1993) Characterization of a novel tungsten-containing formaldehyde oxidoreductase from the extremely thermophilic archaeon. Thermococcus litoralis. J Biol Chem 268 13592-13600. 

Juszczak A, S Aono, MWW Adams (1991) The extremely thermophilic eubacterium Thermotoga maritima, contains a novel iron-hydrogenase whose cellular activity is dependent upon tungsten. J Biol Chem 266 13834-13841. 

Taya M, H Hinoki, T Kobayashi (1985) Tungsten requirement of an extremely thermophilic cellulolytic anaerobe (strain NA 10). Agric Biol Chem 49 2513-2515. 

In consideration of thermal stability, a calorimetric investigation of Ure2p prion domain-containing filaments detected no evidence of these domains denaturing up to 105°C (Baxa et al., 2004). In comparison, most proteins denature at temperatures of 50—70°C and rarely exceed 80—90°C, except for proteins of extreme thermophiles. 

Adams, M. W. W. (1990) The metabolism of hydrogen by extremely thermophilic, sulfur-dependent Bacteria. FEMS Microbiol. Rev., 75, 219-38. 

Kletzin A. 1994. Sulfur oxidation and reduction in Archaea— sulfur oxygenase/reductase and hydrogenase from the extremely thermophilic and facultatively anaerobic archaeon Desulfurolobus ambivalens. Syst Appl Microbiol 16 534-43. 

Takai K, Inoue A, Horikoshi K. 1999. Thermaerobacter marianensis gen. nov., sp. nov., an aerobic extremely thermophilic marine bacterium from the 11000m deep Mariana Trench. Int J Syst Bacteriol 49 619-28. 

The C-terminal domain (85 amino acid residues, not completely denatured at 90 °C) of the so-called a subunit of the RNAP from the extremely thermophilic eubacterium T. thermophilus (Tt) has been expressed uniformly N/ C-labelled and structurally characterized by the NMR spectroscopy. The tertiary structure of the domain, comprising a helical turn and four helices, was found to be almost identical to that of the corresponding domain from the mesophilic E. coli, despite 32% sequence homology. The interaction of the Tt domain with a variety of DNAs at 37 °C and 50 °C was investigated by chemical shift perturbation of the NMR signals and the DNA binding site was localized. ... 

Caldariellaquinone, from an extremely thermophilic and acidophilic bacterium Caldariella acidophila, is a unique sulphur-containing benzoquinone with structure (161), 6-(3,7,11,15,19,23-hexamethyltetracosyl)-5-methylthiobenzo[( ]thiophen-4,7-quinone. The structure was deduced from spectroscopic data (including H and n.m.r.) and chemical degradation. 

Littlechild, J.A. Davies, G.J. Gamblin, S.J. Watson, H.C. Phosphoglycerate kinase from the extreme thermophile Thermus thermophilus. Crystallization and preliminary X-ray data. FEBS Lett., 225, 123-126 (1987)... 

Some good hints to help answer this question have been obtained by studying thermophilic proteins which are in turn obtained from thermophilic organisms. The optimum growth temperature for thermophilic organisms is between 40° and 65°C (moderate thermophiles) and 70° and 105°C (extreme thermophiles). Their respective enzymes have catalytically indistinguishable reactivity and catalytic sites from those isolated from mesophilic organisms. 

Miroshnichenko, M.L., Bonch-Osmolovskaya, E.A. and Alekseev, V.A. (1990). Extremely thermophilic bacteria from Kratemaya Bight. Biologiya Morya 15, 206-210. 

Cockell CS (1999) Life on Venus. Plant Space Sci 47 1487-1501 Cometta S, Sonnleitner B, Sidler W, Fiechter A (1982) Population distribution of aerobic extremely thermophilic microorganisms in an Icelandic natural hot spring. Eur J Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 16 151-156 Condon DJ, Prave AR, Benn DI (2002) Neoproterozoic glacial-rainout intervals Observations and implications. Geology 30 35-38... 

Yields from Glucose, Xylose, and Paper Sludge Hydrolysate During Hydrogen Production by the Extreme Thermophile Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus... 

Index Entries Hydrogen production paper sludge hydrolysate extreme thermophile Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus, glucose xylose carbon balances. 

In this article, we present our findings on hydrogen production by the extreme thermophilic C. saccharolyticus using paper sludge hydrolysate in a controlled laboratory fermentor, which allowed accurate determinations of hydrogen yields and production rates. 

Aqualysin I is an alkaline serine protease, extracellularly secreted by Thermus aquaticus YT-1,14) an extremely thermophilic, Gram-negative bacterium. The enzyme is thermostable. Optimum temperature for the proteolytic activity of aqualysin I is 80° C in the presence of 1 mM Ca2+ and 70°C in its absence (Fig. 12.1).l5) 85% of the original activity remains after treatment at 80°C for 3 h in the presence of 1 mM Ca2+, but only about 20% remains in its absence.15) These results indicate that calcium ion is essential for the structural stability of the enzyme. 

---