How Much Sodium

Mass Percent Composition from a Chemical Formula 181 

Sodium is an important dietary mineral that we eat in our food, primarily as sodium chloride (table salt). Sodium is involved in the regulation of body fluids, and eating too much of it can lead to high blood pressure. High blood pressure, in turn, increases the risk of stroke and heart attack. Consequently, people with high blood pressure should limit their sodium intake. The FDA recommends that a person consume less than 2.4 g (2400 mg) of sodium per day. However, sodium is usually consumed as sodium chloride, so the mass of sodium that we eat is not the same as the mass of sodium chloride that we eat. How many grams of sodium chloride can we consume and still stay below the FDA recommendation for sodium  

To answer this question, we need to know the chemical composition of sodium chloride. From Chapter 5, we are familiar with its formula, NaCl, so we know that there is one sodium ion to every chloride ion. However, since the masses of sodium and chlorine are different, the relationship between the mass of sodium and the mass of sodium chloride is not clear from the chemical formula alone. In this chapter, we learn how to use the information in a chemical formula, together with atomic and formula masses, to calculate the amount of a constituent element in a given amount of a compound (or vice versa). 

---

A sample of sodium liberates 2.73 L of hydrogen at 752 mm Hg and 22°C when it is added to a large amount of water. How much sodium is used ... 

Procedure. To determine the purity of a sample of boric acid, weigh accurately about 0.8 g of the acid, transfer quantitatively to a 250 mL graduated flask and make up to the mark. Pipette 25 mL of the solution into a 250 mL conical flask, add an equal volume of distilled water, 2.5-3 g of mannitol or sorbitol, and titrate with standard 0.1 M sodium hydroxide solution using phenolphthalein as indicator. It is advisable to check whether any blank correction must be made dissolve a similar weight of mannitol (sorbitol) in 50 mL of distilled water, add phenolphthalein, and ascertain how much sodium hydroxide solution must be added to produce the characteristic end point colour. 

In addition, the physician with the aid of the clinical chemist, needs to calculate salt and water requirements for the newborn infant. Of prime importance is the determination of how much sodium bicarbonate is required to correct an acidosis, or in rare cases, how much ammonium chloride might be required to correct an alkalosis ( ). 

Three thickeners in series are run on a countercurrent decantation system. Overflow from the second thickener goes to the agitators, and overflow from the first thickener is to contain 10 per cent sodium sulphide. Sludge from all thickeners contains two parts water to one part barium carbonate by mass. How much sodium sulphide will remain in the dried barium carbonate precipitate ... 

Step 1 Find how much sodium chloride is needed to render the... 

How much sodium chloride should be used in compounding the prescription ... 

Predict how much sodium carbonate (Na2C03) is produced when baking soda decomposes. 

It is well recognized that interrelations exist. How much sodium one needs depends upon his potassium intake his calcium needs are determined in part by his phosphate intake his need for a specific amino acid may be determined in part by the amount of the other amino acids that he gets (they can interfere with each other s utilization). Only by further experimentation can we determine how important antagonisms and other interrelations are in human nutrition. If highly important, they will seriously complicate the picture but will not change its basic outlines. 

How much sodium would be deposited in the same amount of time as in the example question if the battery could supply a 50 A current ... 

At 20°C, a saturated solution of sodium chloride in water has a concentration of about 380 grams of sodium chloride per liter of solution. How much sodium chloride, in grams, is required to make 3 liters of a saturated solution ... 

What is the purpose of washing the product with water How much sodium bicarbonate is lost in the mother liquor and the wash water (see solubility table) ... 

D) If the molten NaCl is replaced by an 1.0 M aqueous sodium chloride solution, how much sodium can be collected if a current of 1.0 A is applied for 1.0 hour ... 

Na2C03(s) + 2HCl(aq) —> 2NaCl(aq) + C02(g) + H20( ) How much sodium carbonate should the student react with excess hydrochloric acid to produce 1.00 L of carbon dioxide at 24.0°C and 760 torr ... 

Instead, start with baby steps. If a recipe calls for 28 ounces of canned tomatoes, use a 14-ounce can of ordinary tomatoes and another 14-ounce can of no-salt-added tomatoes. You ehminate half the salt and virtually none of the flavor. Use the same approach for most other canned and processed foods. As time goes by, and your taste buds change, you ll be able to switch to more low-salt foods. It s pretty easy to see how much sodium is in a given processed food, since the quantity per serving is listed on all labels. 

A manufacturer needs 10 1. of commercial hydrochloric acid, sp. gr. 1.174. How much sodium chloride and sulphuric acid are necessary ... 

How much sodium chloride is necessary to make a kilogram of hydrochloric acid gas ... 

How much sodium can be obtained from 2 kg. of sodium carbonate, if the latter is heated with carbon The equation is —... 

How much sodium carbonate is necessary to prepare a kilogram of sodium hydroxide ... 

How much sodium carbonate can be made from 500 kg. of salt The first equation is given in problem 7, the other is —... 

How much sodium sulphide is formed by heating 100 gm. of sodium sulphate with charcoal The equation is —... 

How much sodium is necessary to decompose a kilogram of magnesium chloride, and how much magnesium will be formed (Equation is similar to 2.)... 

Food nutrition labels specify the sodium content of packaged foods. This information is especially helpful to people who need to watch or restrict how much sodium they consume. IMAGE COPYRIGHT 2009, BRITTANY COURVILLE. USED UNDER LICENSE FROM SHUTTERSTOCK.COM,... 

However, many people take in much higher levels of sodium than recommended every day. This fact concerns health experts for a variety of reasons. Too much sodium can affect the body s ability to digest fats, for example. It can also lead to hypertension. A person with high blood pressure may be at risk for stroke, heart attack, or other major health problems. Many people are often surprised when reading the sodium content on nutritious labels because they didn t realize how much sodium is in some prepared foods. 

How much sodium one needs to prepare 1 kg of polystyrene of molecular weight 300,000 by anionic polymerization How much water is sufi5cient to completely prevent polymerization in this case ... 

Figuring out how much sodium azide is needed to produce enough nitrogen to properly inflate the bag is an example of a practical application of the chemical arithmetic that we are learning in this chapter.

A 100.0-ng sample of sodium-24 was stored in a lead-lined cabinet for 2.5 days. How much sodium-24 remained See Table 10.2 for the half-life of sodium-24. 

I) A balanced equation should be also written. Only then do we know how much sodium and chlorine have reacted. 

NaF + 2 NaCl + C + 4 CO2 If you had 150 tons of Freon-12, describe how you would know how much sodium oxalate you would need to make that conversion. 

In water, the pH is affected by how much sodium cyanide is added. The concentration of sodium cyanide added correlated to the pH of the water is shown in Table 39.5. The aqueous solutions are strongly alkaline. At pH 9.4, in an aqueous solution of sodium cyanide, half of the total cyanide is present as hydrogen cyanide as in Eq. (39.6) (Ullmann s, 1987). 

Figure 39.1 shows a comparison of how much sodium cyanide is consumed in these processes relative to the other major uses from 1976 to 1997. It can he seen that gold cyanidation is the most prominent process. A description of the different processes will follow. 

---