External world

Sinnen-. of the senses, sensory, sensual, -welt, /. external world. 

Human skin is the largest organ in the human body. It is fundamentally important to health as the semi-permeable barrier - the first line of defence - between the body and the external world. However, it remains relatively inaccessible to conventional magnetic resonance imaging, firstly because it is thin and therefore requires high spatial resolution, and secondly because it is characterized by relatively short T2 relaxation times, particularly in the outermost stratum comeum. Conventional studies have not usually achieved a resolution better than 70-150 pm, with an echo time of the order of a millisecond or so. As a planar sample, skin has proved amenable to GARField study where it has been possible to use both a shorter echo time and achieve a better spatial resolution, albeit in one direction only. Such studies have attracted the interest of the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries that are interested in skin hydration and the transport of creams and lotions across the skin. 

If the system is in a steady state (i.e. the absence of measurable change), the isotope ratio of the analyte (RAnaiyte) is determined by the relative contributions of the external world to its precursors, inputs 1A, IB, 2A and 2B. 

Hair cells are specialized mechanoreceptors located in the inner ear these cells transduce mechanical forces transmitted by sound and head movement, and permit an organism to sense features of the external world. Well-characterized biophysically, a molecular description of hair-cell transduction has finally begun to emerge. 

Most multicellular organisms exploit mechanoreceptors — specialized cells that detect external mechanical forces — to help construct their internal view of the external world. The senses of hearing, balance and touch all rely on mechanoreceptors, as do the proprioceptive sensations that tell an organism how it is situated in the environment. Mechanoreception is probably one of the most ancient of the senses. 

Keeping the lesson of the above example in mind, we will explore three different dynamical possibilities below isolated evolution, where the system evolves without any coupling to the external world, unconditioned open ev olution, where the system evolves coupled to an external environment but where no information regarding the system is extracted from the environment, and conditioned open evolution where such information is extracted. In the third case, the evolution of the physical state is driven by the system evolution, the coupling to the external world, and by the fact that observational information regarding the state has been obtained. This last aspect - system evolution conditioned on the measurement results via Bayesian inference - leads to an intrinsically nonlinear evolution for the system state. The conditioned evolution provides, in principle, the most realistic possible description of an experiment. To the extent that quantum and classical mechanics are eventually just methodological tools to explain and predict the results of experiments, this is the proper context in which to compare them. 

Some of these interacting objects may be computer systems. We can treat them as single objects and describe their interactions with the world around them. Subsequently, we refine the system into a community of interacting software objects (see Figure 6.12). (A standard OO design is based on a model of the external world so that we now have two of everything a real coffee cup, a user, and a coin, plus their representations inside the software.) When we look inside the software, we can continue to use the more general multi-... 

Presentation of the state of the core to the external world will be handled appropriately by the facade. It will use observers (see Pattern 16.17, Observer) so that we need not consider the detail about how things appear on the screen. All we need do is keep the business objects own state right. 

Nikaido, H. (1999). Microdermatology cell surface in the interaction of microbes with the external world, J. Bacteriol., 181, 4-8. 

A widely distributed fixed tissue cell, the mast cell, is particularly prevalent in organs with a high percentage of connective tissue [20] and is most numerous in the skin and in the linings of the respiratory, gastrointestinal and reproductive tracts, tissues which interface with the external environment. In these various locations, mast cells are frequently found in close proximity to small blood vessels and nerves [20]. This prominence of the mast cell in tissues that interface with the external world is strategic to its role as the sentinel cell of the... 

The dye-zeolite composites reported so far show fascinating photonic antenna properties which are perhaps comparable to some extent to those of natural systems. Tuning their chemical and photochemical behavior, organizing information exchange between their inside and the external world, but also organizing individual crystals on a surface in order to realize, for example, monodirectional functionalities remain a challenge which we address in this section. 

The neurochemistry of schizophrenia has been considered in a variety of ways by numerous investigators and most have, as here, focussed on the role of abnormalities and/or dysfunction of brain neurotransmitter systems in the disease. Implicit in a book on the neurochemistry of consciousness is the assumption that this chapter will address the neurochemical basis of the disturbance (s) of consciousness that occurs in schizophrenia. Consciousness in its particular and generally-understood meaning is not obviously distorted in schizophrenia, although schizophrenic patients clearly have a different, or abnormal experience of the external world—their conscious awareness is disturbed. 

Kosbash I was just pointing out that in fly experiments, despite the fact that the fly fives in this same complex external world, essentially everything can be wiped out with one mutant. 

A in all, the creative act is not performed by the artist alone the spectator brings the uiork into contact with the external world by deciphering and interpreting [it],... 

Yes, in psychedelic Shakespeare, our mental lives continually merge with the external world. Life is a dream. Characters walk around as if in a trance or in a drug-induced stupor. DMT-like fairies and nymphs are everywhere. In A Midsummer Night s Dream, his elves are almost as small as insects. In other plays, Shakespeare tells us that elves are little people. Shakespeare s supernatural subjects—the elves, the weird sisters in Macbeth, the ghost in Hamlet, Prospero s magical spirits—all conjure images of another realm so close to ours that we are able to touch it in our daily lives. 

To the extrovert, according to Rowe, the external world actually seems more real than the inner world while to the introvert the inner world seems the more real. These differences in perception profoundly influence how we evaluate situations and set our priorities. It is the ability to switch between the introversion and the extroversion perspectives that Rowe is primarily referring to in the successful self being able to understand and work with other models or views of the world. 

The communication of new and different ideas about things and events in our external world is of course what most of education and training is about. Development occurs when we modify our theories about how it works, what is cause and what is effect. Indeed, it is commonplace for memagers on educational courses to talk about how they have changed as a result of what they have learned. 

Information about the external world tends to be conveyed on educational courses, if not quite as definitive objective truth, at least as hypotheses or theories about a possible objective truth. This Is a far cry from treating the world as a set of subjective perceptions. From this subjective perspective, there is no truth . Elveryone has their own unique view of the world around them. If we change the way we see, for example, the organization we work in then we will change the way we relate to it and can manage it. 

Information about your external world that you are aware of will obviously be brought into your assembly . Less obviously perhaps, also information from your internal world your beliefs about your capabilities, your perceptions of the obstacles to achievement, your feelings about your ability to succeed, your feelings about working with others. 

Information about your external world will not be entirely objective and neutral. You will have beliefs about the way the world works, and therefore about what you need to do in order to achieve your ends within it. Part of the process of resolving your awarenesses and judgements will be to see whether you can come closer to reality. 

Realistic scrutiny requires introverts to overcome any diffidence they may have about engaging with their external world and extroverts to overcome any inhibitions they may have about exploring their Internal world. It is important too, as observed earlier, not to stereotype yourself according to assumed gender differences. 

Both the foregoing steps, assessing your internal and external worlds, are concerned with the considerations that you put into the equation in formulating your ideas for action. Often this is done perfunctorily, even unconsciously. I fancy doing that . That would go down well . 1 could never do that . They would never agree . There wouldn t be the money . In the process of originating an idea you should take a serious look at the assumptions you are making about yourself and your external world and not let them go unquestioned. 

---