Expulsion phenomenon

Intestinal helminths have been used as the prototypical parasite infections to demonstrate the importance of IgE in mediating protection. Indeed, it has been demonstrated that passive transfer of IgE antibodies can mediate the rapid expulsion phenomenon in rats infected with T. spiralis (89) and that diminished levels of IgE are associated with dissemination of Strongyloides stercoralis (61,90) in the context of HTLV-I coinfection. With the elucidation of the cytokine control of the IgE response (e.g., IL-4 and IL-13), however, and the fact the these cytokine responses exist in the context of a broader (Th2 or Type 2) response, the IgE response itself may be merely an indicator of a more general response, whose many different components effect the protective response (reviewed in Refs. 91-94). 

From the electrochemical impedance spectra, AE/AI co), little information can be obtained concerning the different species participating in the insertion/expulsion phenomenon as it is presented Fig. 25a. However, the shape of the spectra confirms that there is an ionic transfer between the solution and the film and there is no diffusion (mass transport) usually expressed by a slope equal to 45° appearing at lower frequencies. Moreover, from the impedance data the electrochemical capacitance, Aq/AE a>) (Fig. 25b), can be calculated. This gives information on the different charged species involved in the charge compensation process. Two loops were obtained corresponding to two different ionic species, maybe a cation and an anion. Additionally, these two transfer functions allow the two constants Ki and G,- to be determined for each of the ions, which will help us to calculate the mass of each ion and so to identify them. 

Jean-Fr6ddric Joliot, 1900-1958. Physicist and chemist at the Curie Institute. He has made many important researches on the phenomenon of recoil and the conservation of momentum, on the electrochemical behavior of the radioelements, and on the expulsion of atomic nuclei and the existence of the neutron. 

The repulsive force of the expulsion of these field lines, known as the Meissner effect, leads to the phenomenon of levitation — a magnet placed above a superconductor floats suspended above the top of the superconductor. 

The adsorption ratios, A = a/ observed thus far for atactic and isotactic systems indicate that self-association can occur in two ways either by expulsion of already-adsorbed molecules (i.e. in the cases that A is <1) or by addition of more adsorbed molecules (i.e. in the cases that A is > 1). Why this is so is not understood. It is curious to note, however, that the solvent in those P-L systems with A > 1 is in every case a cyclic aliphatic liquid, the ring structure of which contains no more than one atom that is not carbon (Nos. 1, 2, 14, and 15 Table 20), whereas none of the solvents in a P-L system with A < 1 is in this category. Because the number of a reported thus far are relatively few (Table 20), owing to the time-consuming procedure and the high technical skill required to obtain data via the protocol described by Guenet, it is not yet possible to adjudicate with certainty whether or not this cyclic vs acyclic differentiation is a real phenomenon or just a fortuitous observation. It does suggest the possibility, however, that the mode of adsorption in the case of cyclic aliphatic molecules may be qualitatively different from that for acyclic molecules. 

In another vein, double layers play a role In the salt-sieving phenomenon, mentioned In the Introduction to Volume I, and already known to Aristotle. When seawater percolates over a compact sediment of slllcate-like particles, under some conditions the effluent Is potable. Basically the phenomenon is attributable to the negative adsorption of (in this case) anions, leading to the Donnan expulsion of electrolyte, see sec. 3.5b. Over-demand may lead to salt penetration the screening of the double layers around the silica particles (reduction of x ) makes the pores between them effectively wider. For this problem technical solutions had to be found. 

Obviously, the overpressure depends on the filling temperature, the sterilization temperature, the ratio between solution volume and head volume, etc., but at 121°C, it is on average approximately 1.4 bar. Clearly, this phenomenon cannot be ignored suffice it to note that the stopper of glass bottles with a mouth having a cross-section of approximately 4 cm would be subjected to an expulsion force of approximately 6 kg. 

For bioluminescent symbiotic fish and squid, expulsion of luminous bacteria into surrounding SW is a fundamental process that ensures horizontal transfer of the bacterial partner to future host generations. Considering the sophisticated coordination of various shutter mechanisms surrounding the internal LO of leiognathids, we believe the expulsion event to be a finely controlled discharge of symbiotic bacteria, rather than an uncontrolled phenomenon. 

This sweUing can induce tensile stresses within the concrete and lead to the appearance of cracking (with a pattern that depends on the geometry of the stracture, the layout of the reinforcement and the level of tensile stress). For example, in floors or in foundations, elements that are usually only tightly reinforced and do not have significant tensile stress, the typical pattern of cracking is the so-called map cracking with randomly distributed cracks, from which whitish gel may leak. Another typical phenomenon is pop-outs, that is, the expulsion of small portions of concrete. 

Moisture is absorbed by adhesives and other plastic materials to various degrees and can accumulate in voids within the bond line during assembly, testing, and operation. The absorption of moisture in adhesives as well as in other polymeric materials, such as molding compounds, has been proven to cause failures when parts are subsequently solder reflowed and exposed to the high solder melt temperatures of 200 °C and above. The rapid evaporation and expulsion of the moisture result in stresses that cause cracking and delamination, a phenomenon referred to as popcorning. 

The passage of leiomyoma tissue commonly occurs with those fibroids in contact with the endometrial surface. This phenomenon has been seen up to 12 months after the UAE procedure. This symptom is associated with significant pain, bleeding and most importantly, infection [86]. In cases of suspected fibroid expulsion, MRI should be performed as many fibroids do not pass through the cervix spontaneously or remain attached to the uterine wall and therefore require dilatation and curettage. 

Electrospinning techniques are used to form particles and fibers as small as one nanometer in a principal direction. The phenomenon of electrospray involves the formation of a droplet of polymer melt at an end of a needle, the electric charging of that droplet, and an expulsion of parts of the droplet because of the repulsive electric force due to the electric charges. In electrospraying, a solvent present in the parts of the droplet evaporates and small particles are formed but not fibers. The electrospinning technique is similar to the electrospray technique. However, in electrospinning and during the expulsion, fibers are formed from the liquid as the parts are expelled (41). 

In sodium chloride brine, the addition of proteins did not alter the pseudoplastic behavior of xanthan. In sea water, even with a long stabilization time for each measurement, stress values were not identical when the shear rate was increased or decreased, indicating a thixotropic behavior. Protein addition did not significantly enhance this phenomenon. Thus, thixotropy seems to be related rather to the presence of cations inducing an aggregation of xanthan chains than to the addition of proteins. Nevertheless, in sea water, the gel formed by the extra-addition of proteins seems to have a more compact consistency than that of the gel induced by multivalent ions alone. This was probably the result of a synergic effect, e.g. the expulsion of some water molecules from the interior of the gel network by proteins. Experiments such as the determination of the elasticity module could bring some complementary information about the structure of the gel formed in these two cases. 

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